<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7523</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Medicina]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev cubana med]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7523</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias MédicasEditorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-75232021000300012</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Factores de riesgo para la progresión de la retinopatía diabética]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Risk factors for the progression of diabetic retinopathy]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz Miranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Magdevis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escobar Yéndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nilia Victoria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Meisy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duperet Carvajal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Danay]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital General &#8220;Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso&#8221; Centro Oftalmológico de Santiago de Cuba ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Santiago de Cuba]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología &#8220;Ramón Pando Ferrer&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-75232021000300012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-75232021000300012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-75232021000300012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  La retinopatía diabética es una complicación microvascular de la diabetes mellitus y una de las primeras causas de ceguera a nivel mundial.  Objetivo:  Determinar la asociación de causalidad de diferentes factores con la progresión de la retinopatía diabética en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2.  Método:  Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, de casos y controles anidado en una cohorte, en el Centro Oftalmológico de Santiago de Cuba en el periodo comprendido desde octubre de 2017 a octubre de 2019. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, color de la piel, antecedentes patológicos personales y familiares, tiempo de evolución de la diabetes, tipo de retinopatía diabética, evolución de la retinopatía, valores de hemoglobina glicosilada y albuminuria. Como medidas de resumen se utilizó la media, la desviación estándar y el porcentaje. Para la validación estadística se utilizaron el test de Ji cuadrado con nivel de significación de 5 %. Se determinó la fuerza de asociación, mediante el cálculo del odds ratio (razón de productos cruzados), riesgo atribuible porcentual en expuestos y riesgo atribuible poblacional porcentual.  Resultados:  La HbA1c mayor de 7 % y la microalbuminuria fueron factores de riesgo para la progresión de la retinopatía diabética.  Conclusiones:  El mal control metabólico, representado por valores de hemoglobina glicosilada superiores a 7 % y la presencia de microalbuminuria, son factores de riesgo en los que se debe trabajar en los diferentes niveles de atención para evitar la progresión de la retinopatía diabética y por ende la ceguera por esta causa.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide.  Objective:  To determine the causal association of different factors with the progression of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients.  Method:  An observational, analytical, case-control study nested in a cohort was carried out at the Santiago de Cuba Ophthalmological Center from October 2017 to October 2019. The variables studied were age, sex, color of the skin, personal and family pathological history, time of evolution of diabetes, type of diabetic retinopathy, and evolution of retinopathy, glycosylated hemoglobin values and albuminuria. The mean, standard deviation and percentage were used as summary measures. For statistical validation, the Chi square test with a significance level of 5% was used. The strength of association was determined by calculating the odds ratio (ratio of crossed products), percentage attributable risk in exposed and percentage population attributable risk.  Results:  HbA1c higher than 7% and microalbuminuria were risk factors for the progression of diabetic retinopathy.  Conclusions:  Poor metabolic control, represented by glycosylated hemoglobin values higher than 7% and the presence of microalbuminuria, are risk factors that must be worked on at different levels of care to avoid the progression of diabetic retinopathy and therefore blindness from this cause.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diabetes mellitus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[retinopatía diabética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[factores de riesgo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[diabetes mellitus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[diabetic retinopathy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[risk factors]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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