<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0864-0300</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Investigaciones Biomédicas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Invest Bioméd]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0864-0300</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ECIMED]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0864-03002019000300007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Vascular Adaptations to Spaceflight: Results from the Vascular Series Experiments]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Adaptaciones vasculares al vuelo espacial: resultados de experimentos de la Serie Vascular]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hughson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard L]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greaves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Danielle K]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arbeille]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Philippe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Canadá</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Caen Faculty of Medicine ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Normandy ]]></addr-line>
<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Tours Faculty of Medicine ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>France</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0864-03002019000300007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0864-03002019000300007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0864-03002019000300007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Long-duration spaceflight on the International Space Station (ISS) could be detrimental to astronaut health because of the prolonged period of physical unloading and other stressful factors including isolation and radiation in the microgravity environment. The Vascular Series of experiments was designed to investigate the effects of spaceflight on the arteries. We tested the hypothesis that removal of the normal head-to-foot gravitational force experienced everyday on Earth would cause increased stiffness of the carotid arteries as well as development of insulin resistance that could also impact vascular health. In Vascular, the first experiment of the series, results confirmed increased carotid artery stiffness and insulin resistance; but, the study also revealed a more generalized artery stiffness extending into the lower body. Hormonal and oxidative stress markers could have also influenced vascular health. The next experiments in the Vascular Series, Vascular Echo and Vascular Aging will advance investigations of vascular health employing the ECHO device that has remote robotic control of the ultrasound by experts on the ground to enhance image acquisition while on ISS, and to follow post-flight recovery processes. Vascular Aging will introduce oral glucose tolerance testing on ISS to further quantify the magnitude and the cause of insulin resistance and impaired glucose handling during spaceflight. Together, these studies will provide critical information about the extent of vascular changes during spaceflight and will determine whether all factors that contribute to increased arterial stiffness are reversible, or if there are long-term cardiovascular health consequences.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Los vuelos espaciales prolongados de la Estación Espacial Internacional (EEI) podrían afectar la salud de los astronautas, debido al largo tiempo de descarga física y otros factores estresantes, entre ellos el aislamiento y la radiación en un entorno de microgravedad. La Serie Vascular de experimentos fue diseñada para investigar los efectos de los vuelos espaciales en las arterias. Evaluamos la hipótesis de que la eliminación de la fuerza gravitacional normal de cabeza a pies experimentada cada día en la Tierra provocaría un aumento de la rigidez de las arterias carótidas, así como la aparición de resistencia insulínica, lo que también podría afectar la salud vascular. En el primer experimento de la serie, denominado Vascular, los resultados confirmaron un incremento de la rigidez de las arterias carótidas y resistencia insulínica. Sin embargo, el estudio también reveló una rigidez arterial más generalizada, la que se extendía a la sección inferior del cuerpo. Por otra parte, es posible que los marcadores hormonales y de estrés oxidativo también hayan afectado la salud vascular. Los próximos experimentos de la Serie Vascular, denominados Eco Vascular y Envejecimiento Vascular, impulsarán las investigaciones sobre salud vascular mediante el uso del dispositivo ECHO, que posibilita el control remoto robótico del ultrasonido por expertos desde la tierra para perfeccionar la adquisición de imágenes durante los vuelos de la EEI, así como el seguimiento de los procesos de recuperación posteriores al vuelo. El experimento conocido como Envejecimiento Vascular incorporará pruebas de tolerancia a la glucosa durante los vuelos de la EEI para perfeccionar la cuantificación de la magnitud y la causa de la resistencia insulínica y el manejo de la glucosa alterada durante los vuelos espaciales. En conjunto, esos estudios proporcionarán información fundamental sobre el alcance de los cambios vasculares durante los vuelos espaciales, y determinarán si todos los factores que contribuyen al aumento de la rigidez arterial son reversibles o si existen consecuencias cardiovasculares a largo plazo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[human spaceflight]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cardiovascular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ultrasound]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[arterial stiffness]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vuelo espacial tripulado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cardiovascular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ultrasonido]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[rigidez arterial]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<surname><![CDATA[Girouard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Neurochemistry]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>144</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>527-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
