<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7493</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Cirugía]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Cir]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7493</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-74932022000300011</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Enfoque terapéutico en el trauma penetrante de esófago cervical]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Therapeutic Approach in the Penetrating Cervical Esophageal Trauma]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valenzuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Noslen Martínez]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alfonso Alfonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lázaro Emerio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Gimel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana Hospital Universitario &#8220;General Calixto García&#8221; ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana Hospital Clínico-Quirúrgico &#8220;Joaquín Albarrán&#8221; ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico "Hermanos Ameijeiras". ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-74932022000300011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-74932022000300011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-74932022000300011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  Las perforaciones del esófago cervical por traumas externos son lesiones raras asociadas con una morbilidad significativa. Los mecanismos primarios son los traumatismos penetrantes por heridas de bala, cerca del 80 % de los casos, seguidas de las heridas con armas cortopunzantes en el 15 al 20 %.  Objetivo:  Describir los criterios actuales sobre la conducta y enfoque terapéutico ante el trauma penetrante de esófago cervical.  Métodos:  Se realizó revisión descriptiva narrativa, de fuentes primarias y secundarias que abordaron el tema durante el primer semestre del año 2021. Los criterios de selección de los artículos a examinar fueron determinados, entre otros, por el objetivo de la actual revisión.  Desarrollo: El estándar diagnóstico para estas lesiones, en ausencia de inestabilidad hemodinámica, se basó en estudios como el esofagograma, la endoscopia y la tomografía. La reparación primaria con o sin reforzamiento fue la opción más utilizada, aunque las condiciones locales y tipo de lesión en esófago cervical marcan en gran medida el proceder a realizar.  Conclusiones: Las lesiones traumáticas del esófago cervical son raras pero muy mórbidas. El tratamiento depende de la ubicación de la perforación y cualquier lesión concurrente. La mayoría de los casos son susceptibles de reparación primaria con refuerzo de colgajo. Otros principios del tratamiento incluyen el drenaje adecuado alrededor de la reparación, la descompresión del esófago y el estómago (mediante sonda nasogástrica o sonda de gastrostomía) y nutrición enteral distal (yeyunostomía de alimentación). El cirujano ha de ser incisivo en los esfuerzos por descubrir la lesión de forma temprana y manejarla adecuadamente.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  Cervical esophageal perforations for external trauma are rare injuries associated with a significant morbidity. The primary mechanisms are penetrating trauma for gunshot wounds, accounting for about 80 % of cases, followed by sharp weapon injuries, accounting for 15 % to 20 %.  Objective: To describe the current criteria on the behavior and therapeutic approach to cervical esophageal penetrating trauma.  Methods:  A descriptive narrative review was carried out of primary and secondary sources that addressed the subject during the first semester of the year 2021. The selection criteria of the articles to be examined were determined, among others, by the objective of the current review.  Development:  The standard diagnosis for these lesions, in the absence of hemodynamic instability, was based on studies such as esophagogram, endoscopy and tomography. Primary repair with or without reinforcement was the most commonly used option, although local conditions and type of lesion in cervical esophagus largely mark the procedure to be performed.  Conclusions: Traumatic cervical esophageal injuries are rare but very morbid. Their treatment depends on the location of the perforation and any concurrent injury. Most cases are amenable to primary repair with flap reinforcement. Other principles of treatment include adequate drainage around the repair, decompression of the esophagus and stomach (by nasogastric tube or gastrostomy tube), as well as distal enteral nutrition (feeding jejunostomy). The surgeon must be incisive in efforts to discover the injury early and manage it appropriately.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[esófago]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[trauma penetrante cervical]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[traumatismo esofágico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[reparación esofágica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[esophagus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cervical penetrating trauma]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[esophageal trauma]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[esophageal repair]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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