<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0864-0289</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Hematología, Inmunología y Hemoterapia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0864-0289</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias MédicasEditorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0864-02892020000100005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Caracterización de las leucemias en niños en Cuba (2006-2015)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Characterization of leukemias in Cuban children (2006-2015)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machín García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leblanch Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Coralia Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Caraballoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martha Beatriz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escalona Vives]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yenilet]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez Molina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Idalsys]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plá Del Toro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Josefa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdés Sojo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[César]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Pediátrico &#8220;Infantil Sur&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santiago de Cuba ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Pediátrico &#8220;José Luis Miranda&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santa Clara ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Pediátrico &#8220;Octavio de la Concepción y la Pedraja&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Holguín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Pediátrico &#8220;Juan Manuel Márquez&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Pediátrico &#8220;Eduardo Agramonte&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Camagüey ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Pediátrico &#8220;Pepe Portilla&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Pinar del Rio ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0864-02892020000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0864-02892020000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0864-02892020000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  La leucemia es el cáncer más frecuente en edades pediátricas. La leucemia linfoide aguda (LLA) representa el 23 % de los diagnósticos de cáncer en niños menores de 15 años y el 75 % de todas las leucemias. Más del 90 % de las leucemias mieloides agudas (LMA) en la niñez son agudas y el resto son crónicas.  Objetivo:  Caracterizar las leucemias agudas de la edad pediátrica en Cuba.  Métodos:  Estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo. La muestra fue de 799 niños de toda Cuba, los cuales fueron atendidos en los siete hospitales pediátricos acreditados en el país para el tratamiento de leucemias agudas, entre enero 2006 y diciembre de 2015. Como medida de resumen para las variables cuantitativas se utilizaron la media y desviación estándar. Para todas las variables cualitativas se calcularon los porcentajes de cada grupo.  Resultados: Las tasas de incidencia fueron de 2,9 x 100 000 niños. El 95 % fueron leucemias agudas (70,6 % linfoides), con el 34,9 % de leucemia promielocíticas (LPM) en las LMA. Predominó el sexo masculino y la edad promedio al diagnóstico fue de 7,1 años. El porcentaje de remisión completa en las LLA fue de 91 % y en las LMA, de 66,7 %. La frecuencia de recaídas de la enfermedad fue de 25,1 % en las LLA, 13,7 % en las LPM y 45 % en las otras mieloides. La sobrevida global y libre de eventos fue de 89 % y 63 % en los niños con LLA, 64 % y 62 % en la LPM, 38 % y 36 % en la LMA no promielocítica, respectivamente.  Conclusiones:  La frecuencia y distribución etaria de las leucemias en niños cubanos son similares a lo descrito a nivel. Los resultados del tratamiento en las leucemias agudas de manera general pueden considerarse como buenos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  Leukemia is the most frequent cancer in pediatric ages. Acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) accounts for 23% of cancer diagnoses in children at ages under 15 years and 75% of all leukemias. More than 90% of childhood acute myeloid leukemias (AML) are acute and the rest are chronic.  Objective:  To characterize acute leukemias in pediatric age in Cuba.  Methods:  Descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study. The sample was 799 children from all over Cuba, who were treated in any of the country&#8216;s seven pediatric hospitals accredited for the treatment of acute leukemias, between January 2006 and December 2015. As a summary measure for the quantitative variables, the mean and standard deviation were used. For all qualitative variables, the percentages of each group were calculated.  Results: Incidence rates were 2.9 per 100,000 children. 95% were acute leukemias (70.6% lymphoid), with 34.9% corresponding to promyelocytic leukemia (PML) in AML. The male sex predominated and the average diagnosis age was 7.1 years. The percentage of complete remission in ALL was 91%, and 66.7% in AML. The frequency of disease relapse was 25.1% in ALL, 13.7% in LPM, and 45% in other myeloid leukemias. Overall and event-free survival was 89% and 63% in children with ALL, 64% and 62% in LPM, 38% and 36% in non-promyelocytic AML, respectively.  Conclusions:  Frequency and age distribution of leukemias in Cuban children are similar to that described worldwide. The results of treatment in acute leukemias in general can be considered as good.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[leucemias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[frecuencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sobrevida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[leukemias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[frequency]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[survival]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steliarova-Foucher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fidler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colombet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lacour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaatsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piñeros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Changing geographical patterns and trends in cancer incidence in children and adolescents in Europe, 1991-2010 (Automated Childhood Cancer Information System) a population-based study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet Oncol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1159-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutierrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Silverman. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. In: Nathan and Oski&amp;apos;s Hematology and Oncology of Infancy and Childhood]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<edition>8th</edition>
<page-range>1535</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Philadelphia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier Saunders]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Izquierdo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonalde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incidencia y prevalencia de las leucemias Pronósticos a largo plazo a nivel mundial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Oncología. Chile]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<numero>21</numero>
<issue>21</issue>
<page-range>124-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steliarova-Foucher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colombet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ries]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LAG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dolya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[International incidence of childhood cancer, 2001-10 a population-based registry study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet Oncol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>719-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Equipo de redactores y equipo de editores médicos de la Sociedad Americana contra el Cáncer</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estadísticas importantes sobre la leucemia en niños]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonaventure]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harewood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stiller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gatta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clavel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stefan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Worldwide comparison of survival from childhood leukaemia for 1995-2009, by subtype, age, and sex (CONCORD-2) a population-based study of individual data for 89?828 children from 198 registries in 53 countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet Haematol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>e202-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia: in Williams Hematology]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<edition>9th</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill Education]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Condes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factores de riesgo maternos y ambientales de los pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de leucemia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Pediatría Bolivia]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>89-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bassan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoelzer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modern Therapy of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Oncol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>532-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Treatment and biology of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Int]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>4-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juliusson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hough]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Leukemia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prog Tumor Res]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>87-100</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vrooman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silverman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Treatment of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Prognostic Factors and Clinical Advances]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Hematol Malig Rep]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>385-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winestone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aplenc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Disparities in Survival and Health Outcomes in Childhood Leukemia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Hematol Malig Rep]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>179-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drachtman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masterson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shenkerman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vijayanathan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cole]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Long-term outcomes for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated on The Cancer Institute of New Jersey ALL trial (CINJALL)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Leuk Lymphoma]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>2275-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zimmermann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campbell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dibar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Donska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intensive chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia results of the randomized intercontinental trial ALL IC-BFM 2002 J Clin]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oncol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>174-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arencibia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menéndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nordet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Protocolo ALLIC-BFM 2002 en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología: experiencia de 10 años]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menéndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Svarch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arencibia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Resultados del tratamiento de la leucemia mieloide aguda del niño en Cuba]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>National Cancer Institute</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Musselman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spector]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krailo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reaman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linabery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Children's Oncology Group Childhood Cancer Research Network (CCRN) Case Catchment in the United States]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cancer]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>120</volume>
<numero>19</numero>
<issue>19</issue>
<page-range>3007-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niemeyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biondi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cantu Rajnoldi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Creutzig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in childhood a retrospective analysis of 110 cases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Working Group on Myelodysplastic Syndromes in Childhood (EWOG-MDS) Blood]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>3534-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ishihara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ohno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fujii]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epidemiological analysis of childhood cancer in Japan based on population-based cancer registries, 1993-2009]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Jpn J Clin Oncol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>1-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thuler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LCS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pombo-de-Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acute promyelocytic leukaemia is highly frequent among acute myeloid leukaemias in Brazil a hospital-based cancer registry study from 2001 to 2012]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Hematol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>96</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>355-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giddings]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitehead]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Metayer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Childhood leukemia incidence in California High and rising in the Hispanic population]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cancer]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>122</volume>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>2867-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Informe final. Censo de Población y Viviendas 2012 - Resumen adelantado - Resultados definitivos de indicadores seleccionados en Cuba, provincias y municipios. Población total por grandes grupos de edades, centenarios e indicadores de envejecimiento según provincias y municipios]]></source>
<year></year>
<page-range>61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pieters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Groot-Kruseman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van der Velden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiocco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van den Berg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Bont]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Successful Therapy Reduction and Intensification for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Based on Minimal Residual Disease Monitoring Study ALL10 from the Dutch Childhood Oncology Group]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Oncol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>22</numero>
<issue>22</issue>
<page-range>2591-601</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jastaniah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al Ghemlas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al Daama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ballourah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bayoumy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Anzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical characteristics and outcome of childhood de novo acute myeloid leukemia in Saudi Arabia A multicenter SAPHOS leukemia group study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Leuk Res]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<page-range>66-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tomizawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Takahashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adachi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acute myeloid leukemia in children Current status and future directions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Int]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>71-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antillón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valverde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castellanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Girón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Guatemala: Biologic features, treatment hurdles, and results]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cancer]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>123</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>436-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Long-term results of the risk-stratified treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hematol Oncol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>679-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seksarn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wiangnon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veerakul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chotsampancharoen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kanjanapongkul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chainansamit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SO]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Outcome of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated Using the Thai National Protocols]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Asian Pac J Cancer Prev]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>4609-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lengfelder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lo-Coco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ades]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montesinos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grimwade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kishore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Arsenic trioxide-based therapy of relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia registry results from the European Leukemia Net]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Leukemia]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1084-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abrahão]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medeiros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keogh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keegan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Disparities in early death and survival in children, adolescents, and young adults with acute promyelocytic leukemia in California]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cancer]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>121</volume>
<numero>22</numero>
<issue>22</issue>
<page-range>3990-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alexander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inaba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Triplett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pounds]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Decreased relapsed rate and treatment-related mortality contribute to improved outcomes for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia in successive clinical trials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cancer]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>123</volume>
<numero>19</numero>
<issue>19</issue>
<page-range>3791-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
