<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0864-215X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Ortopedia y Traumatología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Ortop Traumatol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0864-215X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0864-215X2022000400013</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Evolución de la osteosíntesis de los huesos largos: fijación por enclavado intramedular con clavos rígidos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Evolution of osteosynthesis of long bones: fixation by intramedullary interlocking with rigid nails]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ceballos Mesa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfredo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tabares Neyra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Horacio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balmaseda Manent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez Benito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Octavio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivero Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loredo Quesada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tamara]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana Facultad "General Calixto García" Departamento de Ortopedia y Traumatología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigaciones en Longevidad, Envejecimiento y Salud  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0864-215X2022000400013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0864-215X2022000400013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0864-215X2022000400013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Se presenta la evolución histórica y científica de la osteosíntesis de huesos largos realizada con clavos rígidos. Mediante una revisión bibliográfica retrospectiva en revistas de Traumatología nacionales y extranjeras, así como libros relevantes de esta especialidad, se pudieron establecer tres momentos claves en la osteosíntesis intramedular con clavos rígidos y caracterizar las diferentes generaciones que aportaron a este procedimiento en la historia de la Ortopedia y la Traumatología. Destacan las innovaciones tecnológicas incorporadas a la práctica quirúrgica y el desarrollo de biomateriales para mejorar la reparación de lesiones e incorporar al paciente a su vida cotidiana. El trabajo demuestra cómo ha avanzado la técnica quirúrgica de fijación intramedular y la consolidación ósea; y gracias a ello los problemas de las fracturas han quedado prácticamente solucionados.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The historical and scientific evolution of osteosynthesis of long bones performed with rigid nails is presented. Through a retrospective bibliographic review in national and foreign Traumatology journals, as well as relevant books of this specialty, it was possible to establish three key moments in intramedullary osteosynthesis with rigid nails and characterize the different generations that contributed to this procedure in the history of Orthopedics and Traumatology. The technological innovations incorporated into surgical practice and the development of biomaterials to improve the repair of injuries and incorporate the patient into their daily lives stand out. The work demonstrates how the surgical technique of intramedullary fixation and bone consolidation has advanced; and how thanks to this the problems of fractures have been practically solved.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[clavos rígidos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Gerhard Küntscher]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[osteosíntesis intramedular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[callo óseo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cerrojo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[rigid nails]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gerhard Küntscher]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[intramedullary osteosynthesis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bone callus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bolt]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Metsemakers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moriarti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nij]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pape]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richards]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of implants properties and local delivery system in the outcome in operative fracture care]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Injury]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>595-604</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bekos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sioutis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kostrogulu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saranteas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maurogenis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The history of intramedullary Nailing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int Orthop]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1355-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Küntscher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maatz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Marknagelung von Knochenbruchen]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Klin Wochenschr]]></source>
<year>1940</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>833-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Küntscher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Marknagelung Berlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Snager]]></source>
<year>1950</year>
<page-range>200-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schroereder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gahr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gahr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Küntscher perfil científico de un traumatólogo excepcional]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Esp Cirug Ortop Traum]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>316-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Street]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[100 fractures of the femur treated by means of a diamond shaped medullary nail]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Bone Joint Surg]]></source>
<year>1951</year>
<volume>33A</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>659-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lottes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JO]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Blind F The nailing technique for insertion triflange medullary nail]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA 1954]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>155</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1039-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lottes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JO]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medullary nailing of the tibia with the triflange nail]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Orthop]]></source>
<year>1947</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<page-range>53-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wahnert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gehweiler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Complication on intramedullary nailing, evolution of treatment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Injury]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>^s1</numero>
<issue>^s1</issue>
<supplement>1</supplement>
<page-range>S559-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tuerta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La vascularization des Os, et la ostogénesis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Chir Orthop]]></source>
<year>1958</year>
<volume>44</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Disegi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eschbach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stainless steel in bone surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Injury]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>^s4</numero>
<issue>^s4</issue>
<supplement>4</supplement>
<page-range>2-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zucman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[L´ élaboration du cal dans les fractures diaphysaires]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Chir Orthop]]></source>
<year>1958</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greehill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poorman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinkowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramsey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haydel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does weight-bearing assignment after intramedullary nail placement alter healing of tibial shaft fractures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Orthop Trauma Surg Res]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>111-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gahlot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intramedullary nailing versus plating in the management of closed extra-articular proximal tibia fracture]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Orthop Traumatol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>203-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ceballos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tabares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balmaseda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evolución histórica de la Osteosíntesis con placas y tornillos Parte 1]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Cub Ortop y Traum]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allgöwer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rüedi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biomechanics of fracture healing after internal fixation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Surg Annu]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>361-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramme]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Egol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davidovitch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Konda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of mal rotation following intramedullary nailing in a femoral shaft fracture model Can a 3D c-arm improve accuracy?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Injury]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1603-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pfeifer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sellei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pape]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The biology of intramedullary reaming]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Injury]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>^s2</numero>
<issue>^s2</issue>
<supplement>2</supplement>
<page-range>S4-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giannoudis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Snowden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matthews]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Temperature raise during reamed tibia nailing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Orthop Relat Res]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>395</volume>
<page-range>255-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tzioupis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ch]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giannoudis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fat embolism syndrome What we are learned over the years]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trauma]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>259-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loredo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ceballos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lesiones de Morell-Lavalle]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Hosp Univ Calixto García]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>296-308</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mc Queen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intramedullary reaming and compartment pressure]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tech Ortho]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>41-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chapman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of reamed and no reamed intramedullary nailing on fracture healing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Orthop Relat Res]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<numero>355^ssupl</numero>
<issue>355^ssupl</issue>
<supplement>supl</supplement>
<page-range>S230-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kemp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grosse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Closed locked intramedullary nailing, its application to comminute fracture of the femur]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Bone Joint Surg Am]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>709-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Phillips]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zirckle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gosselin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Achieving locked intramedullary fixation of long bone fracture; technology for the developing world]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int Orthop]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>2007-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inoue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anatomic consideration of locked humeral nailing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Orthop Relat Res]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>368</volume>
<page-range>247-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Pedro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia-Navarrete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Otero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oteo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopez-Duran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Internal fixation of fractures by locking nails]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Orthop Relat Res]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>283</volume>
<page-range>81-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brumback]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The rationale of interlocking nail of the femur, tibia humerus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Orthop Relat Res]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>324</volume>
<page-range>292-320</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laflamme]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heimlich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stephen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kreder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whyne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Proximal tibia fracture stability with intramedullary nail fixation using oblique interlocking screws]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Orthop Trauma]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>496-502</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kallenopoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yiannakopoulos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vossinakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Badras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Distal locking of femoral nails under direct vision through a cortical window]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Orthop Trauma]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>574-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arlettaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chevalley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leyvraz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Target devices for distal locking of intramedullary nails A new high-stable mechanical guide]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Injury]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>170-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ostrum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Treatment of floating knee injuries through a single percutaneous approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Orthop]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>375</volume>
<page-range>43-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ricci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evanoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bellabarba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herscovici]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DiPasquale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanders]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Retrograde VS Antegrade nailing of femoral shaft fractures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Ortho Trauma]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>161-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shelton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eastman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Heterotopic ossification around the knee after tibia nailing in the treatment of floating knee]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int Orthop]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1379-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rizk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Triceps-sparing approach for open reduction an internal fixation of neglected displace supracondylar and distal humeral fractures in children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Orthop Traumatol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>105-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Master techniques in orthopedic surgery- fractures]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Fort wayne metals]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tavares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simoes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intramedullary nail biomechanics evolution and challenge]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proc Inst of Mech Eng, Part H: J Eng Med]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>233</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>295-309</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morgan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Toward clinical application and molecular understanding of a mechanobiology of bone healing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>256-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bekos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sioutis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kostroglou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saranteas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Th]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mavrogenis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[History of intramedullary nailing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int Orthop]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>1355-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tornetta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramsey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hunt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Operative techniques in orthopedic trauma]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington DC, EE.UU ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Wolters Kluwer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Manual de la Técnica del Sistema de clavo bloqueado]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chavez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buffo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Principios biomecánicas para la osteosíntesis. Re-evolución]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Ortop Mex]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>S1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ceballos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balmaseda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fijación externa y técnicas afines]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[La Habana, Cuba ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ECIMED]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>45</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scalea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boswell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitchell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kramer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pollak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[External fixation as a bridge to intramedullary nailing for patients with multiple injuries and with femur fractures damage control orthopedics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Trauma]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>613-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>46</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Early total care versus damage control current concepts in the Orthopedic care of polytrauma patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ISRN Orthop]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>21</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<label>47</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kottmeier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Row]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tornetta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Surgical exposure trends and controversies in extremity fracture care]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Instr Course Lect]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<page-range>3-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<label>48</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tavares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simoes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Recent Development of intramedullary nailing a biomechanical perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann N Y Acad of Sci]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>1408</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>20-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<label>49</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Aiming -Arm for trochanteric fixation nails. Catalog: SynthesTrauma Instruments and Implants. Approved by the AO Foundation, Synthes]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<label>50</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pank]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Femoral trochanteric fracture PFNA spiral blade placement with the aid of an angler]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Int Med Res]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<label>51</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bagheri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rouhi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Design and numerical investigation of an adaptative intramedullary nail with a novel inter-locking mechanics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Comp Design and Eng]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>722-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<label>52</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Browner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Caputo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Femur fractures: Antegrade intramedullary nailing. Distal Locking. In Master Techniques in Orthopedic Surgery. Fractures]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>341-3417</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington DC, EE.UU ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Wolters Kluwer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<label>53</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Euro flex Gmbh. Stainless Steel Turbid for Surgical Implants and devices 316 L (ASTM F 138) - 316 Ti, 316L Material Data]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<label>54</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simoes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magalhaes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[From mechanical stimulus to bone formation a new review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Engi Phys]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>719-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<label>55</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yuan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dual modulation and bone formation and resorption, with zolendromic acid loaded biodegradable magnesium alloy implants, improve osteoporotic fracture healing, an in vivo and in vitro study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Biomat]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<page-range>486-500</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
