<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0864-2176</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Oftalmología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Oftalmol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0864-2176</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0864-21762021000300004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Factores de riesgo en pacientes miopes en edad pediátrica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Risk factors in pediatric myopic patients]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María de Lourdes]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pons Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lucy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Illescas Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Taira]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lourdes Rita]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología &#8220;Ramón Pando Ferrer&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0864-21762021000300004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0864-21762021000300004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0864-21762021000300004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Objetivo:  Evaluar la asociación entre los factores de riesgo en pacientes miopes en edad pediátrica.  Métodos:  Se realizó un estudio con diseño de casos y control para evaluar los factores de riesgo asociados a la miopía en los pacientes atendidos en la consulta del Servicio de Oftalmología Pediátrica del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología &#8220;Ramón Pando Ferrer&#8221;. La muestra estuvo conformada por 263 pacientes (123 casos y 140 controles) que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y de exclusión. Las variables del estudio fueron la edad, el sexo, el color de la piel, la zona de procedencia, el bajo peso al nacer, la prematuridad, las madres fumadoras, el antecedente de familiares con defectos refractivos, las horas de exposición a las pantallas, las horas de exposición a la luz solar y la longitud axial.  Resultados:  Se encontró correlación entre el antecedente de familiares con defecto refractivo y la presencia de miopía (p = 0,009), y a su vez un riesgo de 1,9 de padecerla; más de 2 horas - pantallas se relaciona con pacientes miopes (p = 0,003) y duplica el riesgo. Más de 2 horas de luz solar fue más frecuente en los controles (p = 0,004) y es un factor de protección; las longitudes axiales fueron mayores en miopes (p = 0,000) y se correlacionó la exposición horas - pantallas con una mayor longitud axial.  Conclusiones:  Los antecedentes familiares de defectos refractivos aumentan 1,9 veces el riesgo de padecer miopía; la exposición a las pantallas por más de 2 horas al día lo duplica y la exposición a la luz solar por el mismo tiempo lo reduce a la mitad. La longitud axial es mayor en miopes y en los expuestos a las pantallas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Objective:  Evaluate the association between risk factors in pediatric myopic patients.  Methods:  A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors associated to myopia in patients attending the Pediatric Ophthalmology Service at Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology. The sample was 263 patients (123 cases and 140 controls) who met the inclusion criteria. The study variables were age, sex, skin color, place of residence, low birth weight, prematurity, smoking mothers, a family history of refractive defects, screen time, sun exposure hours and axial length.  Results:  A correlation was found between a family history of refractive defects and the presence of myopia (p = 0.009), as well as a 1.9 risk of developing the disorder. More than two screen hours were associated to myopic patients (p = 0.003), doubling the risk. More than two sun exposure hours were more frequent among controls (p = 0.004) and constitute a protection factor. Axial lengths were greater among myopics (p = 0.000). Exposure and screen time were correlated with greater axial length.  Conclusions:  A family history of refractive defects increases the risk for myopia 1.9 times, exposure to screens for more than two hours per day doubles it, and the same number of sun exposure hours reduces it to half. Axial length is greater among myopics and screen exposed people.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Factores de riesgo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[horas de exposición a la pantalla]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[exposición a la luz solar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Risk factors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[screen hours]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sun exposure]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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