<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0864-2176</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Oftalmología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Oftalmol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0864-2176</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0864-21762022000100005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Horas pantallas y miopía en niños]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Screen Hours and Myopia in Children]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lucy Pons]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sibello Deustua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sirley]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María de Lourdes]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0864-21762022000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0864-21762022000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0864-21762022000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La masificación del Internet y comunicación móvil, así como el mayor acceso a herramientas digitales y de dispositivos electrónicos ha modificado la calidad de vida y salud de la población mundial, con un impacto especialmente importante en los niños. El uso desmedido de pantallas constituye un problema en esta población por su impacto en el sedentarismo, sobrepeso, alteraciones en el comportamiento, trastornos depresivos y del sueño, pero también por el efecto que tiene sobre el sistema visual en desarrollo: predispone a síndrome de ojo seco, a un exceso de acomodación-convergencia, provoca un desenfoque hipermetrópico de la fóvea (se cree que esto estimula el crecimiento axial), aumenta la tensión del cuerpo ciliar y músculos extraoculares, además de los efectos nocivos de la luz azul-violeta para las estructuras intraoculares. Estudios sugieren que los niños son más propensos a desarrollar miopía por estar menos expuestos a la luz natural y pasar más tiempo en ambientes cerrados ante pantallas, muchos incluso han demostrado una asociación entre el uso de pantallas, el trabajo cercano y la presencia de miopía, pero no existen datos concluyentes que aíslen un riesgo independiente. A partir de esta revisión se concluye que la prevalencia de la miopía está aumentando con base en una etiología multifactorial.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The massification of the Internet and mobile communication, as well as increased access to digital tools and electronic devices, have changed the quality of life and health of the world's population, with a particularly important impact on children. The excessive use of screens is a problem among this population because of its impact on sedentary lifestyles, overweight, behavioral alterations, depressive and sleep disorders; but also because of its effect on the developing visual system, since it predisposes to dry eye syndrome, excessive accommodation-convergence, causes hypermetropic defocus at the fovea (this is believed to stimulate axial growth), increases the tension of the ciliary body and extraocular muscles, in addition to the harmful effects of blue-violet light on intraocular structures. Studies suggest that children are more prone to developing myopia because they are less exposed to natural light and spend more time in indoor environments in front of screens; many studies have even shown an association between the use of screens, close-eye work and the presence of myopia, but there are no conclusive data that isolate an independent risk. From this review, the prevalence of myopia is concluded to be increasing based on a multifactorial etiology.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[miopía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[horas pantallas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistema visual]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[myopia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[screen hours]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[visual system]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radesky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schumacher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zuckerman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mobile and Interactive Media Use by Young Children The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatrics]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>135</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
