<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1025-028X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Vaccimonitor]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Vaccimonitor]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1025-028X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Finlay Ediciones]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1025-028X2000000400003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Validación de un ELISA para la cuantificación de antitoxina tetánica en suero humano]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Validation of an ELISA for the quantitative determination of tetanus antitoxin in human serum]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ochoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rolando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fajardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Esther M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estrada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eric]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Margarita]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferriol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xenia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sotolongo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Franklin]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Finlay  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2000</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2000</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>16</fpage>
<lpage>21</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1025-028X2000000400003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1025-028X2000000400003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1025-028X2000000400003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se desarrolló un ensayo inmunoenzimático en fase sólida (ELISA) de tipo indirecto para la cuantificación de antitoxina tetánica en suero humano, con el empleo de un estándar previamente calibrado. Las imprecisiones intra e interensayo fueron de alrededor del 10%. Este ensayo mostró una excelente exactitud, con valores de recuperación entre 90% y 110%. Las desviaciones del paralelismo estuvieron por debajo del 10%; éstas se evaluaron mediante diluciones que involucraban el rango de trabajo de la curva estándar. El límite de detección fue 0,0016 Unidades Internacionales por mL (UI/mL). El ensayo mostró una buena correlación con la prueba de neutralización (R2=0,9862). La ecuación de ajuste lineal fue: ELISA = 0,993 ensayo de neutralización - 0,2143. Se cuantificó la antitoxina tetánica en muestras de suero de 408 niños entre 1 a 5 años de edad,aleatoriamente seleccionados en Ciudad de La Habana y cada edad se analizó por separado. La mayor respuesta se alcanzó a los 2 años de edad, al completarse el esquema básico de inmunización. Todos los niños presentaron valores superiores al nivel mínimo protector (0,01 UI/mL).]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[An indirect solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the quantitation of tetanus antitoxin in human serum on the basis of a previously calibrated standard. Intra and inter-assay imprecision ranged around 10%. This assay showed an excellent accuracy with recovery values between 90% and 110%. Parallelism deviations were below 10%. They were evaluated by dilutions that covered the working range of the standard curve. The detection limit was 0.0016 International Units per mL (IU/mL). A good correlation was found between the ELISA and the neutralization test (R2= 0,9862). The fitting linear equation was: ELISA = 0,993; neutralization test - 0,2143. Tetanus antitoxin was quantified in serum samples from 408 children, 1-5 year-olds, randomly selected in Havana City. Each age was separately analyzed. The maximum response was reached at 2 years, after finishing the basic scheme of immunization. All children showed antitoxin values higher than the minimum protective level (0,01 IU/mL).]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Antitoxina tetánica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ensayo inmunoenzimático]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ELISA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[validación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tetanus antitoxin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[enzyme immunoassay]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ELISA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[validation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="right"><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><strong>ARTICULOS ORIGINALES</strong></font></p>     <p align="right">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="right">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="right"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong><font size="4">Validaci&oacute;n de un ELISA para la cuantificaci&oacute;n de      antitoxina tet&aacute;nica en suero humano</font>.    <br> </strong></font></p>     <p align="right">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="right"><strong><font size="3" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Validation of an ELISA for the quantitative determination of tetanus antitoxin in human serum.</font></strong></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><strong><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Rolando Ochoa, Juan Carlos Mart&iacute;nez, Esther M. Fajardo, Eduardo Alvarez, Eric Estrada, Ana        Margarita Garc&iacute;a, Xenia Ferriol, Rosa Blanco, Franklin Sotolongo.</font></strong><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>     </font></p>     <p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Instituto Finlay. Centro de Investigaci&oacute;n-Producci&oacute;n de Vacunas y Sueros. Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.    <br>   E-mail:<a href="emailto:ochoa@finlay.edu.cu">ochoa@finlay.edu.cu</a></font></p> <hr>     <p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>RESUMEN</strong>    <br> </font></p>     <p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Se desarroll&oacute; un ensayo inmunoenzim&aacute;tico en fase s&oacute;lida (ELISA) de tipo indirecto para la cuantificaci&oacute;n de    <br>   antitoxina tet&aacute;nica en suero humano, con el empleo de un est&aacute;ndar previamente calibrado. Las imprecisiones    <br>   intra e interensayo fueron de alrededor del 10%. Este ensayo mostr&oacute; una excelente exactitud, con valores de    <br>   recuperaci&oacute;n entre 90% y 110%. Las desviaciones del paralelismo estuvieron por debajo del 10%; &eacute;stas se    <br>   evaluaron mediante diluciones que involucraban el rango de trabajo de la curva est&aacute;ndar. El l&iacute;mite de detecci&oacute;n    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>   fue 0,0016 Unidades Internacionales por mL (UI/mL). El ensayo mostr&oacute; una buena correlaci&oacute;n con la prueba de    <br>   neutralizaci&oacute;n (R2=0,9862). La ecuaci&oacute;n de ajuste lineal fue: ELISA = 0,993 ensayo de neutralizaci&oacute;n &ndash; 0,2143.    <br>   Se cuantific&oacute; la antitoxina tet&aacute;nica en muestras de suero de 408 ni&ntilde;os entre 1 a 5 a&ntilde;os de edad,aleatoriamente    seleccionados en Ciudad de La Habana y cada edad se analiz&oacute; por separado. La mayor respuesta se alcanz&oacute; a    los 2 a&ntilde;os de edad, al completarse el esquema b&aacute;sico de inmunizaci&oacute;n. Todos los ni&ntilde;os presentaron valores    superiores al nivel m&iacute;nimo protector (0,01 UI/mL).    <br> </font></p>     <p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Palabras claves:</strong> Antitoxina tet&aacute;nica, ensayo inmunoenzim&aacute;tico, ELISA, validaci&oacute;n.</font></p> <hr>     <p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">  <strong>ABSTRACT</strong></font></p>     <p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">    <br>   An indirect solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the quantitation of tetanus    antitoxin in human serum on the basis of a previously calibrated standard. Intra and inter-assay imprecision ranged    around 10%. This assay showed an excellent accuracy with recovery values between 90% and 110%. Parallelism    deviations were below 10%. They were evaluated by dilutions that covered the working range of the standard curve. The    detection limit was 0.0016 International Units per mL (IU/mL). A good correlation was found between the ELISA and the    neutralization test (R2= 0,9862). The fitting linear equation was: ELISA = 0,993; neutralization test &ndash; 0,2143. Tetanus    antitoxin was quantified in serum samples from 408 children, 1-5 year-olds, randomly selected in Havana City. Each age    was separately analyzed. The maximum response was reached at 2 years, after finishing the basic scheme of    immunization. All children showed antitoxin values higher than the minimum protective level (0,01 IU/mL).    <br> </font></p>     <p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Key words:</strong> tetanus antitoxin, enzyme immunoassay, ELISA, validation.</font></p> <hr>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">texto completo en pdf</font></p>     <P  ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B>REFERENCIAS</B></font>     <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">1.Galazka AM. Tetanus. En: The Immunological Basis for Immunization Series. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1996. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">2.Hoppenbrouwers K, Roelants M, Ethevenaux C, Vandermeulen C, Knops J, Desmyter J. The effect of reconstitution of an Haemophilus influenzae type b tetanus toxoid conjugate (PRP-T) vaccine on the immune responses to a diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis (DTwP) vaccine: a five-year follow up. Vaccine 1999;17:2588-98. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">3. Halperin SA, King J, Law B, Mills E, Willems P. Safety and immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine given separately or in combination with a three-component acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and inactivated poliovirus vaccine for the first four doses. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 28:995-1001. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">4. Pichichero ME, Latiolais T, Bernstein DI, Hosbach P, Christian E, Vidor E, et al. Vaccine antigen interactions after a combination diphtheria-tetanus toxoid acellular pertussis / purified capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b tetanus toxoid vaccine in two, four and six month old infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997;16:863-70. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">5.Zaffran M. Immunize every child: GAVI strategy for sustainable immunization services. En: GAVI Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization. Second Board Meeting; Switzerland: Davos; 2000:9-44. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">6. Peel MM. Measurement of tetanus antitoxin: II, toxin neutralization. J Biol Stand 1980;8:191-207. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">7. Winsnes R, Hendriksen C, Sesardic D, Akkermans A, Daas A. Serological assays as alternatives to the Ph Eur challenge test for batch release of tetanus vaccines for human use. Dev Biol Stand. 1999; 101:277-88. </font>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">8. World Health Organization. Biological Substances. International Standards and Reference Reagents. Geneva; 1991. </font>     ]]></body>
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