<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1025-028X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Vaccimonitor]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Vaccimonitor]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1025-028X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Finlay Ediciones]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1025-028X2002000200002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Preparación y evaluación de conjugados de polisacárido Vi de Salmonella typhi con toxoide tetánico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Preparation and evaluation of Salmonella typhi Vi polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Osmir]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maribel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carmen R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oliver]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taboada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fariñas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mildrey]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sierra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gustavo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Finlay  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2002</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2002</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>6</fpage>
<lpage>9</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1025-028X2002000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1025-028X2002000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1025-028X2002000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[El polisacárido Vi de Salmonella typhi es un antígeno T-independiente y ha demostrado ser protector en adultos jóvenes. En ensayos clínicos controlados, realizados en áreas con alta incidencia de fiebre tifoidea, su eficacia protectora ha sido aproximadamente del 70%. Sin embargo, para aumentar la respuesta de anticuerpos y conferir propiedades T- dependientes al polisacárido en poblaciones de alto riesgo, se han utilizado diferentes métodos para la síntesis de conjugados de polisacárido Vi-proteína. En este estudio fue evaluada la inmunogenicidad generada en ratones por un conjugado polisacárido Viproteína obtenido en nuestro laboratorio. El polisacárido Vi purificado fue unido al toxoide tetánico (TT) como proteína portadora por medio de la reacción con carbodiímida. El conjugado resultante fue más inmunogénico que el polisacárido Vi solo. En contraste con las propiedades T-independiente del polisacárido Vi, el conjugado indujo respuesta secundaria y un incremento en la duración de los anticuerpos IgG anti Vi en los ratones. El suero de los animales inoculados con el conjugado mostró altos títulos de anticuerpos IgG anti-TT, similar al TT nativo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Salmonella typhi Vi polysaccharide is a T-independent antigen that has proven to be protective in young adults. In controlled clinical trials in areas with high rates of typhoid fever, the protective efficacy of the Vi was approximately 70%. However, in high-risk populations, different methods have been used, to synthesize Vi polysaccharide-protein conjugates in order to enhance the antibody response and to confer T-dependent properties to the polysaccharide. In this study a conjugate, Vi polysaccharide -protein, was obtained and its immunogenicity was evaluated in mice. Purified Vi polysaccharide was linked to a carrier protein (tetanus toxoid (TT), via a carbodiimide-mediated reaction. The resultant conjugate was more immunogenic in mice than Vi alone. In contrast to the T-independent properties of Vi, the conjugates of this polysaccharide with TT induced secondary responses and an increase in the duration of IgG anti Vi antibodies, in mice. Serum of animals inoculated with the conjugate showed high IgG anti-TT antibody titers, similar to native TT.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Salmonella typhi]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[polisacárido Vi]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[conjugados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inmunogenicidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Salmonella typhi]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[polysaccharide Vi]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[conjugates]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[immunogenicity]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="right"><font size="2" face="Verdana"><strong><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ARTICULOS ORIGINALES</font></strong></font></p>     <p align="left">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="right"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong><font size="4">Preparaci&oacute;n y evaluaci&oacute;n de conjugados de polisac&aacute;rido  Vi de Salmonella typhi con toxoide tet&aacute;nico.</font></strong></font></p>     <p align="right">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="right"><strong><font size="3" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Preparation and evaluation of Salmonella typhi Vi polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates.</font><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">    <br> </font></strong></p>     <p align="left"><strong><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Osmir Cabrera, Maribel Cuello, Carmen R. Soto, Oliver P&eacute;rez, Carlos M. Taboada, Mildrey Fari&ntilde;as,   Gustavo Sierra.    <br> </font></strong>  </p>     <p align="left"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Instituto Finlay. Centro de Investigaci&oacute;n-Producci&oacute;n de Vacunas y Sueros. Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.    <br>   E-mail:<a href="Emailto:ocabrera@finlay.edu.cu">ocabrera@finlay.edu.cu    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>   </a>  </font></p> <hr>     <p align="left"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>RESUMEN</strong></font></p>     <p align="left"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">El polisac&aacute;rido Vi de Salmonella typhi es un ant&iacute;geno T-independiente y ha demostrado ser protector en    adultos j&oacute;venes. En ensayos cl&iacute;nicos controlados, realizados en &aacute;reas con alta incidencia de fiebre    tifoidea, su eficacia protectora ha sido aproximadamente del 70%. Sin embargo, para aumentar la    respuesta de anticuerpos y conferir propiedades T- dependientes al polisac&aacute;rido en poblaciones de alto    riesgo, se han utilizado diferentes m&eacute;todos para la s&iacute;ntesis de conjugados de polisac&aacute;rido Vi-prote&iacute;na. En    este estudio fue evaluada la inmunogenicidad generada en ratones por un conjugado polisac&aacute;rido Viprote&iacute;na    obtenido en nuestro laboratorio. El polisac&aacute;rido Vi purificado fue unido al toxoide tet&aacute;nico (TT)    como prote&iacute;na portadora por medio de la reacci&oacute;n con carbodi&iacute;mida. El conjugado resultante fue m&aacute;s    inmunog&eacute;nico que el polisac&aacute;rido Vi solo. En contraste con las propiedades T-independiente del    polisac&aacute;rido Vi, el conjugado indujo respuesta secundaria y un incremento en la duraci&oacute;n de los    anticuerpos IgG anti Vi en los ratones. El suero de los animales inoculados con el conjugado mostr&oacute;    altos t&iacute;tulos de anticuerpos IgG anti-TT, similar al TT nativo.    <br>   </font></p>     <p align="left"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Palabras claves:</strong> Salmonella typhi, polisac&aacute;rido Vi, conjugados, inmunogenicidad.</font></p> <hr>     <p align="left"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">  <strong>ABSTRACT</strong>    <br> </font></p>     <p align="left"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Salmonella typhi Vi polysaccharide is a T-independent antigen that has proven to be protective in young adults.    <br>   In controlled clinical trials in areas with high rates of typhoid fever, the protective efficacy of the Vi was    <br>   approximately 70%. However, in high-risk populations, different methods have been used, to synthesize Vi    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>   polysaccharide-protein conjugates in order to enhance the antibody response and to confer T-dependent    <br>   properties to the polysaccharide. In this study a conjugate, Vi polysaccharide -protein, was obtained and its    <br>   immunogenicity was evaluated in mice. Purified Vi polysaccharide was linked to a carrier protein (tetanus toxoid    <br>   (TT), via a carbodiimide-mediated reaction. The resultant conjugate was more immunogenic in mice than Vi    <br>   alone. In contrast to the T-independent properties of Vi, the conjugates of this polysaccharide with TT induced    <br>   secondary responses and an increase in the duration of IgG anti Vi antibodies, in mice. Serum of animals    <br>   inoculated with the conjugate showed high IgG anti-TT antibody titers, similar to native TT.    <br> </font></p>     <p align="left"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Keywords:</strong> Salmonella typhi, polysaccharide Vi, conjugates, immunogenicity.</font></p> <hr>     <p align="left"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Texto completo en pdf</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="left"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>BIBLIOGRAFIA</strong></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="left"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">1. Cordero-Yap L, Rivera RG, Dispo AP, Mallabo J. Evaluation of a new Vi polysaccharide typhoid vaccine in children aged 2-5 years. Biodrugs 2001;15:(suppl. 1):27-27 </font><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">2. Engels EA, Lau J. Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever. Cochrane Database Syst. 2000; <I>Rev</I>. (2):CD001261.  </font>     <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">3. Keddy KH, Klugman KP, Hansford CF, Blondeau C. Bouveret le Cam NN. Persistence of antibodies to the Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine in South African school children ten years after immunization. <I>Vaccine </I>1999; 17(2): 110-3. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">4. Lin FY, Ho VA, Khiem HB, Trach DD, Bay PV, Than TC, Kossaczka Z, Bryla DA, Shiloach J, Robbins JB, Schneerson R, Szu SC. The efficacy of a Salmonella typhi Vi conjugate vaccine in two-to-five-year-old children. <I>J Med</I> 2001;344(17):1263-9. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">5. Singh M, Ganguly NK, Kumar L, Vohra H. Protective efficacy and immunogenicity of Viporin conjugate against <I>Salmonella typhi</I>. <I>Microbiol Immunol</I> 1999; 43(6):535-42. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">6. Kossaczka Z, Lin FY, Ho VA, Thuy NT, Van Bay P, Thanh TC, Khien HB, Trach DD, Karpas A, Hunt S, Bryla DA, Schneerson R, Robbins JB, Szu SC. Safety and immunogenicity of Vi conjugate vaccines for typhoid fever in adults, teenagers, and 2- to 4 year old children in Vietnam. <I>Infect Immun</I> 1999; 67(11):5806-10. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">7. Beran J, Beutels M, Levie K, Van Damme P, Dieussaert I, Gillet M, Van Hoecke C, Tornieporth N. A single dose, combined vaccine against typhoid fever and hepatitis A: consistency, immunogenicity and reactogenicity. <I>J Travel Med</I> 2000; 7(5):246-52. </font>    <!-- ref --><p align="left"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">8. Foster RH, Noble S. Bivalent cholera and typhoid vaccine. <I>Drugs</I> 1999; 58 (1):91-6.</font><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">9. Hestrin S. The reaction of acetyl choline and other carboxylic acid derivatives with hydroxylamina and its analytic application. <I>J Biol Chem</I> 1949; 180:249. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">10. Pawlowski A, Kallenius G, Svenson SB. A new method of non cross-linking conjugation of polysaccharide to proteins via thioether bonds for the preparation of saccaride-protein conjugate vaccines. <I>Vaccine </I>1999; 17:1474.</font>     ]]></body><back>
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<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A new method of non cross-linking conjugation of polysaccharide to proteins via thioether bonds for the preparation of saccaride-protein conjugate vaccines]]></article-title>
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