Dos décadas de Helicobacter pylori.
Two decades of Helicobacter pylori
Felipe Cava1 y Guillermo Cobas2
1 Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid. España. E-mail: fcava@cbm.uam.es
2 Centro de Estudios de Biotecnología Universidad de Oriente. Santiago de Cuba. Cuba. E-mail:gcobas@cbm.uam.es
RESUMEN
]]> Las enfermedades bacterianas son generalmente consideradas como problemas sanitarios serios, sin embargo, pueden a menudo solucionarse mediante una simple terapia antibiótica. Mucho más complicada es la curación de enfermedades fúngicas y virales. Muchos cánceres se pueden curar si el diagnóstico es temprano, pero la mayoría tienen un remedio casi tan perjudicial como la misma enfermedad. Otras enfermedades como las autoinmunes o las que afectan el corazón, simplemente son controladas, tratando de paliar los síntomas con medicamentos normalmente muy costosos. Por tanto, tenemos que comprender la sorpresa de la comunidad médica, cuando una enfermedad por mucho tiempo pensada incurable aunque controlable, se vio que estaba causada por una bacteria. Más aún, cuando desde siempre se había pensado que el microambiente del estómago era demasiado extremo como para albergar vida microbiana. Helicobacter pylori es la principal responsable de la formación de úlceras en la población mundial. Su capacidad de colonización y adaptación a ambientes hostiles le ha permitido sobrevivir y crecer en las condiciones adversas que ofrece el estómago. En esta revisión se resumen brevemente aspectos importantes de la historia del descubrimiento de tan relevante microorganismo, así como algunas características moleculares y clínicas de la patología que causa.Palabras claves: Helicobacter pylori, patogénesis, infección.
ABSTRACT
Bacterial diseases are generally considered as serious sanitary problems. However, they can often be eradicated by using an antibiotic therapy. The healing of fungal and viral diseases is much more complicated. Many cancers can be cured if there is an early diagnosis, but the treatment of most of them is almost as harmful as the disease itself. Other diseases, such as the autoimmune and heart diseases are simply controlled by trying to palliate the symptoms with very expensive medicine. That’s why we must understand the astonishment of the medical community when a disease, long time considered incurable, although controllable, was found to be caused by a bacterium. This was even more so, because the stomach’s environment was considered too extreme to harbor any microbial life. Helicobacter pylori is the main agent of ulcer formation in the world population. Its colonization capacity and adaptability to hostile environments have allowed it to survive and grow in the harsh conditions of the stomach. In this review we briefly examine important aspects of the history of the discovery of such a relevant microorganism, as well as some molecular and clinical features of the pathology it produces.
Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, pathogenesis, infection.
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