Autismo y vacunas pediátricas.
Autism and pediatric vaccines.
Alejandro Roque Valdés MD, MsC1
Instituto Finlay. Centro de Investigación-Producción de Vacunas y Sueros. Ciudad de La Habana. Cuba. E-mail: aroque@finlay.edu.cu
RESUMEN
El presente trabajo es un artículo de revisión que pretende abordar un tema tan controvertido como actual: la posible asociación causal que se ha querido establecer entre el autismo y las vacunas infantiles. A partir de la última década del siglo XX se producen una serie de cambios en la clasificación, nomenclatura y criterios diagnósticos del autismo. Los hallazgos de estudios epidemiológicos llevados a cabo bajo estos nuevos ponderados han revelado que las tasas de prevalencia del autismo son en la actualidad muy superiores a las de hace 15 años. Entre los factores que se esgrimen para explicar este fenómeno están las vacunas, y entre los mecanismos que se invocan para tratar de inculpar a las vacunas en la etiología del autismo están el exceso de
mercurio derivado del tiomersal que se emplea como conservante de las mismas y procesos autoinmunes que de forma directa o indirectamente actúan sobre el SNC, induciendo lesiones a nivel de la mucosa intestinal, lo cual favorecerá la absorción de macromoléculas, antígenos y toxinas que una vez en el torrente sanguíneo llegarían al SNC produciendo allí las lesiones responsables de la génesis del autismo.
ABSTRACT
The present work is a review article, which intends to approach a controversial and current topic: the possible causal association that has been suggested between autism and pediatric vaccines. Beginning in the last decade of the XX century, a series of changes in the classification, nomenclature and diagnostic approaches of autism has occurred. The results of the epidemiological studies, performed according to these new concepts, showed that the prevalence rates of autism at the present time are higher than 15 years ago. Vaccines are among the factors that have been considered for explaning this phenomenon. The mechanisms invoked to try to involve vaccines in the ethiology of autism are: the excess of mercury derivatives from tiomersal, which is used as vaccines preservatives, autoinmune processes that act on the CNS, direct or indirectly by inducing lesions at the intestinal level of the mucous membrane, which increase the absorption of macromolecules, antigens and toxins that once in the bloodstream may reach the CNS producing the lesions responsible for the genesis of autism there.
Keywords: Autism, vaccines.
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