<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1608-8921</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Gaceta Médica Espirituana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Gac Méd Espirit]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1608-8921</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spíritus]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1608-89212015000300004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Lesiones bucales en niños con la infección por el VIH]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Buccal Injuries in children with the infection for the HIV]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vania Julexis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Clínica Estomatológica Municipal. Sancti Spíritus. Cuba  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Sancti Spíritus ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>15</fpage>
<lpage>19</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1608-89212015000300004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1608-89212015000300004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1608-89212015000300004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="right"><font size="2" face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>CARTA AL EDITOR</b></font></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p align="justify"><font size="4" face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>Lesiones bucales en ni&ntilde;os con la infecci&oacute;n por el VIH</b></font></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>Buccal Injuries in children with the infection for the HIV  </b></font></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>    <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>DrC. Vania Julexis L&oacute;pez Rodr&iacute;guez<sup>I</sup>. </b></font></p>      <p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana, sans-serif">I&nbsp;Cl&iacute;nica    Estomatol&oacute;gica Municipal. Sancti Sp&iacute;ritus. Cuba.    <br> </font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>    <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr noshade size=1 />     <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>    <p>&nbsp;</p>    <p><font size="3" face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>CARTA AL EDITOR</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana, sans-serif">Sr. Editor:</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana, sans-serif">En el bolet&iacute;n de Infomed del pasado 15 de julio del 2015, se report&oacute; que el mundo hab&iacute;a cumplido la sexta meta del milenio: detener y reducir la propagaci&oacute;n del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH/sida) <sup>1</sup>, agreg&oacute;, que Cuba era el pa&iacute;s que hab&iacute;a controlado la trasmisi&oacute;n vertical de la infecci&oacute;n.</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana, sans-serif">El sistema nacional de salud, tiene entre sus prioridades la detenci&oacute;n de la epidemia y se proyecta a trav&eacute;s del &nbsp;plan estrat&eacute;gico nacional para la prevenci&oacute;n y el control de las infecciones de transmisi&oacute;n sexual (lTS) y el VIH/sida <sup>2</sup>, sin embargo, desde el 1986 hasta el 2012 se hab&iacute;an reportado 17 625 casos, de ellos vivos 14 628, seg&uacute;n el <b>Resumen de la situaci&oacute;n de la epidemia de VIH en Cuba</b> del MINSAP <sup>3</sup>. Seg&uacute;n la tesis de doctorado de la Dra.C. Ida Gonz&aacute;lez, desde 1986 hasta el 2003, de 131 nacimientos de madres seropositivas, 17 resultaron infectados con VIH <sup>4</sup>.</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana, sans-serif">La infecci&oacute;n por el VIH en pacientes pedi&aacute;tricos difiere de la del adulto, debido a que el sistema inmunitario no est&aacute; preparado para enfrentar una serie de eventos infecciosos porque la enfermedad aparece antes de la maduraci&oacute;n del mismo. Como consecuencia de esto se presentan m&uacute;ltiples trastornos oportunistas (bacterianos, f&uacute;ngicos, virales, entre otros), con una evoluci&oacute;n t&oacute;rpida y r&aacute;pida <sup>5</sup>. Es por ello que los ni&ntilde;os desde el momento del nacimiento, necesitan terapia antirretroviral y esto tambi&eacute;n atenta contra su calidad de vida.</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana, sans-serif">Entre las diferentes enfermedades que se presentan, est&aacute;n las lesiones bucales, las cuales tiene presentaciones cl&iacute;nicas dis&iacute;miles y floridas y est&aacute;n asociadas a g&eacute;rmenes altamente pat&oacute;genos. Los ecosistemas bucales no est&aacute;n preparados para la colonizaci&oacute;n de estos, porque la cavidad bucal &nbsp;es est&eacute;ril en el momento del nacimiento, adem&aacute;s, &nbsp;el sistema inmunitario local no responde de manera adecuada a las enfermedades que aparecen; por lo tanto, el desarrollo de infecciones oportunistas como la candidiasis bucal y la infecci&oacute;n por el virus del&nbsp; herpes simple pueden resultar de evoluci&oacute;n r&aacute;pida y resistentes a tratamiento, sin embargo, en ni&ntilde;os sin VIH, son tolerables y responden bien al tratamiento convencional.</font></p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana, sans-serif">Las lesiones bucales m&aacute;s frecuentes en ni&ntilde;os con el VIH son: la candidiasis bucal, espec&iacute;ficamente la seudomembranosa, la infecci&oacute;n por herpes simple, el eritema gingival lineal y la parotiditis, todos ellos asociados fundamentalmente a un conteo de linfocitos TCD4+ menor que 500 c&eacute;l/mm <sup>3</sup>, infecciones oportunistas generales e higiene bucal deficiente <sup>6</sup>.</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana, sans-serif">La atenci&oacute;n bucal del ni&ntilde;o infectado con el VIH es responsabilidad del estomat&oacute;logo general integral, para garantizar la salud integral del mismo; es necesario que est&eacute;n informados y entrenados en el manejo de estos pacientes pedi&aacute;tricos</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>DeSC:</b> MANIFESTACIONES BUCALES; S&Iacute;NDROME DE INMUNODEFICIENCIA ADQUIRIDA; INFECCIONES POR VIH; NI&Ntilde;O.</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>Palabras clave</b>: Lesiones bucales, manifestaciones bucales, infecciones, VIH/Sida, ni&ntilde;o.</font></p>     <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><strong>LETTER TO THE EDITOR</strong></p>        <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Dear. Editor:&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">In the bulletin    by Informed of last July 15, 2015, it was reported that the world had completed    the sixth goal of the millennium: to stop and to reduce the propagation of the    of Immunodeficiency Human Virus (IHV/ AIDS) <sup>1</sup>, it also added that    Cuba was the country that had controlled the vertical transmission of the infection.&nbsp;</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">The National System    of Health, has among its priorities the stopping of the epidemic and it is projected    through the national strategic plan for the prevention and the control of the    sexual transmission infections and the IHV/AIDS <sup>2</sup>, however, from    1986 up to 2012, 17 625 cases had been reported, 14 628 of them alive, according    to the summary of the situation of IHV/ AIDS epidemics in Cuba by MINSAP (Ministry    of Public Health) <sup>3</sup>. According to Ida Gonz&aacute;lez&rsquo; PhD    thesis, from 1986 up to 2003, of 131 births from 0 positive mothers, 17 were    infected with IHV <sup>4</sup>.&nbsp;</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">The infection due    to HIV in pediatric patients differs from adults ones because the immunity system    is not prepared to face a series of infectious events because the illness appears    before the maturation of the same one. As a consequence, there are multiple    opportunistic disorders present such as bacterial, fungus, viral, among others,    with a torpid and quick evolution <sup>5</sup>. That is why children need antiretroviral    therapy at the moment of birth and, this is also attentive against their quality    of life.</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">The oral lesions    are among the different illnesses present which have dissimilar clinical presentations    and florid and they are highly associated to pathogenic germs. The oral ecosystems    are not prepared for the colonization of these, because the oral cavity is sterile    in the moment of&nbsp; birth,&nbsp; the immunity local system&nbsp; doesn't    respond either to an appropriate way to the illnesses&nbsp; that can appear;    therefore, the development of opportunistic infections&nbsp; like the oral candidiasis    and the infection due to the virus of a simple herpes can be from quick to a    resistant evolution to treatment, however, in children without HIV,&nbsp; they    are endurable and they respond well to the conventional treatment.&nbsp;</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">The most frequent    oral lesions in children with the HIV are: oral candidiasis, specifically the    seudomembranous, the infection due to simple herpes, the lineal gingival erythema    and the parotitis, all them are associated mainly to a lymphocytes count TCD4+    smaller than 500 cel/mm <sup>3</sup>, general opportunistic infections and poor    oral hygiene <sup>6</sup>.&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></p>     <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">The child's oral    care that is infected by HIV is a responsibility of the General Comprehensive    Dentists&nbsp;&nbsp; to guarantee an overall health. It is necessary that they    are informed and trained how to manage pediatric patients.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>MeSH:</b> ORAL MANIFESTATIONS; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; HIV INFECTIONS; CHILD.</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>Keywords:</b> Oral lesions; oral manifestations; oral manifestations; infections; IHV/AIDS; boy; child.</font></p>       <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGR&Aacute;FICAS</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana, sans-serif">1.&nbsp;Reyes Gonz&aacute;lez ME. El mundo ha alcanzado su sexto objetivo del milenio en 2015, detener y reducir la propagaci&oacute;n del sida. [Internet]. La Habana: Congresos-Eventos/Conferencias, Enfermedades, Enfermedades infecciosas, Enfermedades transmisibles, Epidemiolog&iacute;a;2015. [Actualizado 2015 jul 15; citado 2015 Sept 10]. Disponible en: <a href="http://boletinaldia.sld.cu/aldia/2015/07/15/el-mundo-ha-alcanzado-su-sexto-objetivo-del-milenio-en-2015-detener-y-reducir-la-propagacion-del-sida/#comments%3C/comments%3E%3CpubDate%3EWed,%2015%20Jul%202015%2006:02:10%20+0000%3C/pubDate" target="_blank">http://boletinaldia.sld.cu/aldia/2015/07/15/el-mundo-ha-alcanzado-su-sexto-objetivo-del-milenio-en-2015-detener-y-reducir-la-propagacion-del-sida/#comments%3C/comments%3E%3CpubDate%3EWed,%2015%20Jul%202015%2006:02:10%20+0000%3C/pubDate</a></font><p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana, sans-serif">2.&nbsp;Cuba. Minsap. Plan estrat&eacute;gico nacional para la prevenci&oacute;n y el control de las ITS y el VIH/Sida 2014 &ndash; 2018. La Habana: Minsap; 2013. Disponible en: <a href="http://hivhealthclearinghouse.unesco.org/sites/default/files/resources/cuba-plan-estrategico-its_vih_sida-2014_2018.pdf" target="_blank">http://hivhealthclearinghouse.unesco.org/sites/default/files/resources/cuba-plan-estrategico-its_vih_sida-2014_2018.pdf</a></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana, sans-serif">3.&nbsp;Epidemiolog&iacute;a de la epidemia por la infecci&oacute;n del VIH-sida, Cuba 2012. Disponible en: <a href="http://www.sld.cu/servicios/sida/verpost.php?pagina=1&amp;blog=http://articulos.sld.cu/sida/&amp;post_id=7640&amp;c=15426&amp;tipo=2&amp;idblog=36&amp;p=1&amp;n=an" target="_blank">http://www.sld.cu/servicios/sida/verpost.php?pagina=1&amp;blog=http://articulos.sld.cu/sida/&amp;post_id=7640&amp;c=15426&amp;tipo=2&amp;idblog=36&amp;p=1&amp;n=an</a></font><p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana, sans-serif">4.&nbsp;Gonz&aacute;lez I. SIDA en el ni&ntilde;o por transmisi&oacute;n vertical en Cuba.[Tesis en opci&oacute;n al grado cient&iacute;fico de Doctor en Ciencia M&eacute;dica]. La Habana: Instituto de Medicina Tropical &ldquo;Pedro Kour&iacute;&rdquo;;2005. Disponible en: <a href="http://tesis.repo.sld.cu/18/1/ida_gonzalez.pdf" target="_blank">http://tesis.repo.sld.cu/18/1/ida_gonzalez.pdf</a></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana, sans-serif">5.&nbsp;Tobin N,    Grace M. Aldrovandi Immunology of Pediatric HIV Infection. Immunol Rev [Internet].    2013 Jul [cited: 2015 Sept 10];254(1):143-69. Available from:&nbsp; <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3737605/" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3737605/</a></font><p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana, sans-serif">6.&nbsp;Meless D,    Boubacar Ba, Malick Faye, Jean-Serge Diby, Serge N&rsquo;zor&eacute;, S&eacute;bastien    Datt&eacute;, et al. Oral lesions among HIV-infected children on antiretroviral    treatment in West Africa. Trop Med Int Health [Internet]. 2014 Mar [cited: 2015    Sept 10]; 19(3): 246&ndash;55. Available from: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4001247/" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4001247/</a></font></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>    <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana, sans-serif">Recibido: 2015-09-16    <br>Aprobado: 2015-10-05</font></p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>    <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana, sans-serif"><i>DrC.Vania Julexis L&oacute;pez Rodr&iacute;guez.</i> Cl&iacute;nica Estomatol&oacute;gica Municipal. Sancti Sp&iacute;ritus. Cuba.</font></p>      ]]></body><back>
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</article>
