<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1815-5901</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ingeniería Energética]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Energética]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1815-5901</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Tecnológica de La Habana José Antonio Echeverría, Cujae]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1815-59012020000100004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Mejoras en la eficiencia energética de las mini-hidroeléctricas aisladas mediante la regulación combinada flujo-carga lastre]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Improvements of the energy efficiency in isolated micro-hydropower by means of the combined flow-dump load regulation]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peña Pupo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leonardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fariñas Wong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ernesto Yoel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Empresa de Hidroenergía UEB  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Santiago de Cuba]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Central &#8220;Martha Abreu&#8221; de las Villas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1815-59012020000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1815-59012020000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1815-59012020000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Esta investigación propone un esquema de regulación de frecuencia combinando el control de una carga resistiva secundaria mínima y el flujo de turbinas Pelton en régimen autónomo. Se identifican los antecedentes de regulación de frecuencia por carga y por flujo, así como su posible combinación para mejorar la eficiencia energética de centrales hidroeléctricas autónomas. Se caracteriza el tema en el contexto cubano y se evalúa la combinación de ambos métodos, mediante un estudio de caso. Fueron procesados los resultados de simulación del método empleando Matlab®/Simulink, a partir de modelos obtenidos en investigaciones previas; contra otros reportados en la literatura. Los resultados de simulación del esquema propuesto mostraron la posibilidad de elevar la eficiencia energética de las mini-hidroeléctricas autónomas. El esquema propuesto fue validado mediante simulación, cumpliendo con la norma cubana NC62-04, reduciendo la carga lastre resistiva a un 6% del valor de potencia nominal del generador.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The existing combined regulation methods do not lead to efficient management of water in isolated hydraulic turbines; these do not prioritize the minimization of the value of the resistive dump load. In this paper, a frequency regulation scheme was proposed that combines a minimum dump resistive load and the flow of the Pelton turbines that operate autonomously. At the begining on this paper was identified the state of the art of autonomous isolated hydro. Also was charactererized in cuban contect and the posibilities of dump load and flow cntrolls methods. Finally was evauated the combination of this two methods due to a generalized cuban study case. The simulation results of the method in Matlab®/Simulink was processed through a case study, from models obtained in previous investigations, contrasted with benchmark reported in the literature. With this scheme it was possible to increase the energy efficiency of autonomous mini-hydroelectric plants. Through simulation the proposed scheme was validated in a way that complies with Cuban standard NC62-04, with a reduction of the resistive dump load at 6% of the generator nominal power value.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hidroenergía aislada]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[eficiencia energética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[regulación de frecuencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[isolated hydropower generation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[energy efficiency]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[frequency control]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>[1]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>IHA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Hydropower Status Report 2017]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[International Hydropower Association]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>[2]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ASHFAQ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SAOOD]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SINGH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Autonomous micro-hydro power system for distributed generation: A power quality analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR)]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>[3]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>IEA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[World energy balances]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IEA World Energy Statistics and Balances]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>[4]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>HIDROENERGÍA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estado de las Instalaciones actualizado 30-12-2018]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Empresa de Hidroenegía: Unión Eléctrica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>[5]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DOMÍNGUEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FONG]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BJ.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Control Robusto de la frecuencia de una pequeña unidad hidroeléctrica en operación aislada]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Energía y Computación]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>11-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>[6]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[KHODADOOST]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A A A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Review of Flywheel Energy Storage Systems structures and applications in power systems and microgrids]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<page-range>9-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>[7]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DREIDY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MOKHLIS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MEKHILEF]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inertia response and frequency control techniques for renewable energy sources: A review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<page-range>144-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>[8]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MOHANRAJAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VIJAYAKUMARI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[KOTTAYIL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Power Balancing in Autonomous Micro Grid with Variable Speed Pump]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ IEEE International Conference on Power, Control, Signals and Instrumentation Engineering (ICPCSI-2017)]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>[9]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[YUNIAHASTUTI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ANSHORI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ROBANDI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Load Frequency Control (LFC) of Micro-hydro Power Plant with Capacitive Energy Storage (CES) using Bat Algorithm (BA)]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 2016International Seminar on Application for Technology of Information and Communication]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>[10]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GUO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[An anti-disturbance ADRC based MPPT for variable speed micro-hydropower station]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 43rdAnnual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>1783-9</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Beijing, China ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IEEE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>[11]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ALI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Modeling and performance analysis of micro-hydro generation controls considering power system stability]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 2017First International Conference on Latest trends in Electrical Engineering and Computing Technologies (INTELLECT)]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>1-7</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[IEEE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>[12]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PRABHA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KUNDUR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Power System Stability and Control]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill Inc]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>[13]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[KUMAR]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Review and Analysis on Electronic Load Controller]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES &amp; MANAGEMENT]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>93-102</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>[14]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DOOLLA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BHATTI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Load Frequency Control of an Isolated Small-Hydro Power Plant With Reduced dump Load]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Transaction on Power Systems]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1912-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>[15]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DOOLLA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BHATTI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Automatic Frequency Control of an Isolated Small Hydro Power Plant]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Energy Journal]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>17-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>[16]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VILAS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AKOLKAR]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Load Frequency Control of Micro Hydro Power Plant using Fuzzy Logic Controller]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ IEEE International Conference on Power, Control, Signals and Instrumentation Engineering (ICPCSI-2017)]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>[17]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BORY P]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of Three-Phase Rectifier with Symmetrical Switching and AC-AC Converter for the Power Factor Improvement in Hydroelectric Micro-Plants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>101-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>[18]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VALAVI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[NYSVEEN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Variable-Speed Operation of Hydropower Plants: A look at the present, past and future]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Industry Applications Magazine]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>18-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>[29]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[YADAV]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MATHEW]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Load Frequency control of an Isolated Small Hydro Power Plant with Reduction in Dump Load Rating By Using Variable Structure Control]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Engineering Science Invention]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>8-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>[20]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[KURTZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ANOCIBAR]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sistema mixto para el control de la generación en micro centrales hidroeléctricas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[HIDRORED]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>24-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>[21]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FONG BARRIOS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Design of a regulator of frequency for small central hydroelectric in isolated operation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Engineering and Technology for Industrial Applications]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>140-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>[22]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SOUZA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MOREIRA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SAH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DA COSTA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Centrais hidreléctricas: implantação e comissionamento]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<edition>3. ed.</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Rio de Janeiro ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
