<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1990-8644</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Conrado]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Conrado]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1990-8644</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Universo Sur]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1990-86442021000600375</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[¿Qué nivel de razonamiento promueven las preguntas de las pruebas escritas en la educación básica chilena?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Which reasoning level promotes questions of written tests in Chilean basic education?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Minte Münzenmayer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrea]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sepúlveda Obreque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Obando]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Denis Igor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz Levicoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Danilo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Los Lagos  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Departamento de Administración y de Educación Municipal  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica del Maule  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>83</numero>
<fpage>375</fpage>
<lpage>381</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1990-86442021000600375&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1990-86442021000600375&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1990-86442021000600375&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Se presentan los resultados de una investigación sobre preguntas de pruebas escritas de Educación Básica. Específicamente, se estudiaron las preguntas formuladas en pruebas de las asignaturas de Ciencias Sociales, Ciencias Naturales, Matemática y Castellano. Se trató de un estudio con método cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo. El objetivo general fue determinar el nivel de razonamiento que demandan las preguntas de las pruebas escritas aplicadas en las diferentes asignaturas de la enseñanza básica. La muestra correspondió a 2875 preguntas. Se constata que los profesores formulan preguntas de bajo nivel cognitivo. Los porcentajes por curso fluctúan entre 56,3% y 68,5%. Las preguntas del nivel elaborativo alcanzan el 27,6% y las que evalúan habilidades superiores solo reflejan el 10,8% del total. Las preguntas que promueven el razonamiento cognitivo profundo son escasas. En Ciencias Naturales alcanza el 1,4% y en Matemática el 24,2%. No se observa una diferencia porcentual importante en los niveles de razonamiento de las preguntas entre asignaturas, cursos y tipo de establecimientos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The results of an investigation about basic education written evaluation questions are presented. Specifically questions formulated in Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Spanish tests. The study was made following a quantitative method of descriptive type. The main objective sought to determine the reasoning level that written evaluation demands, applied to different basic school classes. The sample comprehended 2875 questions. It is observable that teachers formulate low cognitive level questions. The average by school classes fluctuate between 56.3% y 68.5%. The elaborative level questions reach up to 27.6% and questions that evaluate superior abilities only reflect 10.8% of the total. Questions that promote deep cognitive reasoning are scarce. In Natural Sciences reaches 1.4% and in Mathematics 24.2%. Important percentual difference is not observed within question reasoning levels between subjects, school classes and type of establishments.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Preguntas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nivel cognitivo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[asignaturas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Educación Básica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Questions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cognitive level]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[subjects]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[basic education]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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