<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1996-2452</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Podium. Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología en la Cultura Física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Podium]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1996-2452</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Pinar del Río Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1996-24522022000301225</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La selección de atletas élite desde edad temprana: reflexión desde la perspectiva de los sistemas complejos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[A seleção de atletas de elite desde cedo: reflexão a partir da perspectiva de sistemas complexos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The selection of elite athletes from an early age: reflection from the perspective of complex systems]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Manso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valverde Esteve]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Teresa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de la Paz Arencibia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lázaro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Patiño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Departamento de Educación de Educación Física y Deportiva Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Valencia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física y el Deporte Manuel Fajardo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Vigo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>1225</fpage>
<lpage>1242</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1996-24522022000301225&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1996-24522022000301225&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1996-24522022000301225&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  En este estudio, se examinó la idoneidad de seleccionar atletas élite desde una edad temprana.  Objetivo:  El objetivo de este estudio consistió en verificar si el comportamiento identificado en investigaciones antecedentes también ocurre entre los mejores atletas mundiales de todos los tiempos que compiten en la carrera de 100 metros.  Materiales y métodos:  Para ello, y con base en un análisis de las clasificaciones oficiales de todos los tiempos masculinos y femeninos de la Asociación Internacional de Federaciones de atletismo en la referida prueba, se utilizó muestras en categoría absoluta (Top-1,000 hasta el 31/12/2018) y categoría sub-20 (Top-100 hasta el 31/12/2003); se aplicaron leyes de potencia y otras estrategias típicas de los sistemas complejos para analizar los datos.  Resultados:  los resultados muestran cómo, con demasiada frecuencia, los mejores corredores masculinos y femeninos del mundo en la categoría sub-20 no evolucionan positivamente durante el resto de su carrera deportiva mejorando sus registros en las categorías superiores. Solo 51 hombres de los 100 mejores corredores sub-20 de todos los tiempos, lograron mejorar sus registros una vez que alcanzaron la categoría sénior, y las mejoras no presentaron siempre progresiones estadísticamente significativas. En consecuencia, una inversión excesiva en recursos humanos y materiales para identificar individuos con altas capacidades atléticas, no es siempre la mejor estrategia.  Conclusiones:  el deporte de nivel a edades tempranas puede ser un error metodológico que debe evitarse a la hora de construir las reservas deportivas de un país o federación deportiva.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO  Introdução:  Neste estudo, examinou-se a adequação da seleção de atletas de elite desde tenra idade.  Objetivo:  O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se o comportamento identificado em pesquisas anteriores também ocorre entre os melhores atletas do mundo de todos os tempos que competem na prova de 100 metros.  Materiais e métodos:  Para isso, e com base na análise das classificações oficiais de todos os tempos para homens e mulheres da Associação Internacional de Federações de Atletismo na prova supracitada, foram utilizadas amostras em categoria absoluta (Top-1.000 até 31/12 /2018) e sub-20 (Top-100 até 31/12/2003); Leis de potência e outras estratégias típicas de sistemas complexos foram aplicadas para analisar os dados.  Resultados:  Os resultados mostram como, muitas vezes, os melhores corredores masculinos e femininos do mundo na categoria sub-20 não evoluem positivamente durante o resto de sua carreira esportiva, melhorando seus registros nas categorias superiores. Apenas 51 homens dos 100 melhores corredores sub-20 de todos os tempos conseguiram melhorar seus tempos quando chegaram à categoria sênior, e as melhorias nem sempre mostraram progressões estatisticamente significativas. Consequentemente, um investimento excessivo em recursos humanos e materiais para identificar indivíduos com altas habilidades atléticas nem sempre é a melhor estratégia.  Conclusões:  o esporte de nível em idade precoce pode ser um erro metodológico que deve ser evitado na construção das reservas esportivas de um país ou federação esportiva.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  In this study, the suitability of selecting elite athletes from an early age was examined.  Objective:  The objective of this study was to verify if the behavior identified in previous research also occurs among the world's best athletes of all time who compete in the 100-meter race.  Materials and methods:  For this, and based on an analysis of the official classifications of all times for men and women of the International Association of Athletics Federations in the referred test, samples were used in absolute category (Top-1,000 up to the 12/31/2018) and sub -20 category (Top - 100 until 12/31/2003); power laws and other strategies typical of complex systems will be applied to analyze the data.  Results:  The results show how, all too often, the best male and female runners in the world in the under-20 category do not evolve positively during the rest of their sports career. improving their records in the higher categories. Only 51 men out of the top 100 U-20 runners of all time managed to improve their times once they reached the senior category, and the improvements did not always show statistically significant progressions. Consequently, an excessive investment in human and material resources to identify individuals with high athletic abilities is not always the best strategy.  Conclusions:  level sport at an early age can be a methodological error that should be avoided when building the sports reserves of a country or sports federation.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Carrera de 100 metros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cisnes Negros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Leyes de Potencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Paradoja del Enriquecimiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pila de Arena]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Reservas deportivas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Rey Dragón.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Corrida de 100 metros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Cisnes Negros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Leis de Potência]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Paradoxo do Enriquecimento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Pilha de Areia;Reservas desportivas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Rei Dragão.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[100-meter race]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Black Swans]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Power Laws]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Enrichment Paradox]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sand Pile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sports reserves]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dragon King.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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