<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2218-3620</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Universidad y Sociedad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Universidad y Sociedad]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2218-3620</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial "Universo Sur"]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2218-36202021000300135</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Author: &#8220;to be and not to be&#8221;]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Autor: &#8220;ser y no ser&#8221;]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rahimova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ulviyya Hasamaddin]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Azerbaijan</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>135</fpage>
<lpage>143</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2218-36202021000300135&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2218-36202021000300135&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2218-36202021000300135&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The paper analyzes the scientific theoretical provisions related to the author's concept in the context of artistic craftsmanship of different times. The article mainly focuses on how the author's death metaphor is defined in the theory of threat. It is noted hereby that the aesthetics of romance sought to integrate the individual process of the creative process in the nineteenth century. However, in classical realism, which occurred almost at the same time, objective reality become the main factor defining the ideas and content of the literary-artistic model, the principles of structure, in which subjective beginnings dominate. Certainly, this does not mean that the creative individual disappears completely. It does not disappear, it is pressed and destroyed by individual style. This trend manifests itself in one way or another in all aspects of modernity, and in fact, it disappears in the "new novel", which is the "last resort" of modernism. Therefore, the history of the literary process, especially in the 19th and 20th centuries can be characterized as the gradual "suicide" of the author. The problem of author's death in postmodernism gave birth to the aphorism of Shakespeare on the new life and death: is an author really &#8220;dead" or continue to live a different life in the text?]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El papel analiza las provisiones teóricas científicas relacionadas con el concepto del autor en el contexto del arte artístico de tiempos diferentes. El artículo principalmente se concentra cómo la metáfora de muerte del autor se define en la teoría de amenaza. Se nota por este medio que la estética de romance procuró integrar el proceso individual del proceso creativo en el siglo XIX. Sin embargo, en el realismo clásico, que ocurrió casi al mismo tiempo, la realidad objetiva se convirtió en el factor principal que define las ideas y el contenido del modelo literario y artístico, los principios de estructura, en la cual los principios subjetivos se dominan. Seguramente, esto no significa que el individuo creativo desaparece completamente. No desaparece, es presionado y destruido por el estilo individual. Esta tendencia se manifiesta de una manera u otra en todos los aspectos de la modernidad y, de hecho, desaparece en la «nueva novela», que es el «último recurso» de modernismo. Por lo tanto, la historia del proceso literario, sobre todo en los siglos XIX y XX, se puede caracterizar del &#8220;suicidio&#8221; gradual del autor. El problema de la muerte del autor en el postmodernismo dio a luz al aforismo de Shakespeare en la nueva vida y muerte: ¿está el autor realmente &#8220;muerto&#8221; o continá vieviendo una vida diferente en el texto?]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Author&#8217;s death]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[metaphor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[aesthetics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Metáfora]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[muerte del autor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estética]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bakhtin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The problem of the hero and the author's relationship to the hero]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INfOLIO: University Electronic Library]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bohemer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kunstmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mukhopadhyay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rogers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Global Histories of Books: Methods and Practices]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bryan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wardy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Warren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Authors and Authorities in Ancient Philosophy]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hadar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Author-characters and authorial public image: The elderly protagonists in Philip Roth and Nicole Krauss.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Narrative]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>282-301</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Phelan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rabinowitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Narrative Theory Core Concepts and Critical Debates]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ohio ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[State University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keefer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reports of the Death of the Author]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Philosophy and Literature]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>78-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Korman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[From observations on the terminology of M. M. Bakhtin]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The author's problem in Russian literature of the XIX-XX centuries]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Izhevsk]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malmgren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fictional space in the modernist and postmodernist American novel]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Bucknell University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rezek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Author]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>599-606</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Narratology: An Introduction]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[De Gruyter]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vinogradov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[On the language of artistic prose]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Science]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wellek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Warren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Theory of literature]]></source>
<year>1956</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Brace &amp; World]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
