<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2218-3620</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Universidad y Sociedad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Universidad y Sociedad]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2218-3620</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial "Universo Sur"]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2218-36202023000400095</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[On the history of the socio-economic life of the Surmali district of the Irevan governorate on the eve of the First World War]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Sobre la historia de la vida socioeconómica del distrito de Surmali de la gobernación de Irvan en vísperas de la Primera Querra Mundial]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Haci Nuru oglu]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Azerbaijan National Academy of Science Institute of History ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Azerbaijan</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>95</fpage>
<lpage>102</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2218-36202023000400095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2218-36202023000400095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2218-36202023000400095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to review the socio-economic situation of the Surmali district which was attached to the Irevan Governorate before the First World War. The paper examines the state of various sectors of the socioeconomic life of the Surmali district trying to determine the main characteristic features of the ethnodemographic, administrative and economic processes of the region. Although among the bibliographical sources the main place is occupied by the so-called annual "Reviews" in the government published by Edelson, other documents of great interest were searched. The information from the various sources convincingly demonstrates that the Surmali district was one of the important agricultural regions occupying in some branches a prominent position in the Irevan Governorate. At the same time, salt mining in the Gulp fields played a significant role in the economic life of not only this district and the aforementioned governorate but was also an important factor in the food supply of several nearby regions and countries. As in other regions of West Azerbaijan, the strengthening of relations between commodities and the market was felt in the district, many traditional sectors of economic life were forced to adapt to the requirements of a market economy, there was a clear predominance of commercial agriculture, there were sharp changes in the ethnodemographic structure of the county population, an increase in the number and proportion of immigrants, and vice versa, a decrease in the proportion of autochthonous ethnicity.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es revisar la situación socioeconómica del distrito de Surmali que se adjuntó a la gobernación de Irevan antes de la Primera Guerra Mundial. En el trabajo se examina el estado de varios sectores de la vida socioeconómica del distrito de Surmali intentando determinar los principales rasgos característicos de los procesos etnodemográficos, administrativos y económicos de la región. Aunque entre las fuentes bibliográficas el lugar principal lo ocupan las llamadas "Revisiones" anuales en la gobernación publicadas por Edelson, fueron rastreados otros documentos de gran interés. La información de las diversas fuentes demuestra de manera convincente que el distrito de Surmali era una de las regiones agrícolas importantes ocupando en algunas ramas un lugar destacado en la gobernación de Irevan. Al mismo tiempo, la extracción de sal en los campos de Gulp desempeñó un papel significativo en la vida económica, no solo de este distrito y la gobernación antes mencionada, siendo también fue un factor importante en el suministro de alimentos de varias regiones y países cercanos. Al igual que en otras región del oeste de Azerbaiyán, en el distrito se sintió el fortalecimiento de las relaciones entre los productos básicos y el mercado, muchos sectores tradicionales de la vida económica se vieron obligados a adaptarse a los requerimientos de una economía de mercado, hubo un claro predominio de la agricultura comercial, hubo cambios bruscos en la estructura etnodemográfica de la población del condado, un aumento en la número y proporción de inmigrantes, y viceversa, una disminución en la proporción de la etnia autóctona.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Azerbaijani heritage]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Irevan governorate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Surmali district]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Agricultural region]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Qulp salt pans]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Herencia azerbaiyana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gobernación de Irevan]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[distrito de Surmali]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[región agrícola]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[salinas de Qulp]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amrahov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[History of Iravan Governorate (1850-1917)]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Nurlan Publishing House]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Waal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Caucasus: An introduction]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<edition>(2nd ed.)</edition>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Overview of Yerevan province [over the years]]]></source>
<year>1908</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[List Publishing House]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Overview of Yerevan province [over the years]]]></source>
<year>1909</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[List Publishing House]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Overview of Yerevan province [over the years]]]></source>
<year>1910</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[List Publishing House]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Statement of the total amount of taxation for 1909 for each inhabitant of the Erivan province]]></source>
<year>1911</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Viceroy of the Caucasus]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Overview of Yerevan province [over the years]]]></source>
<year>1912</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[List Publishing House]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Overview of Yerevan province [over the years]]]></source>
<year>1914</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[List Publishing House]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Overview of Yerevan province [over the years]]]></source>
<year>1915</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[List Publishing House]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garayev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[On the history of Iravan region of Azerbaijan (end of XVII century-Middle of XIX century)]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garayev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relations between the Irevan Khanate and the Ottoman Empire in the 2nd half of the 18th century]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[100 Years of Diplomatic Service of the Republic of Azerbaijan]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>24-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gasanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[On the history of Western Azerbaijan (based on the materials of the Surmalinsky district of the Irevan region)]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>113-6</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[State Budgetary Institution &#8220;Ingush Research Institute for the Humanities Named after Ch.E. Akhrieva"]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geibullaev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[On the ethnogenesis of Azerbaijanis (historical and ethnographic research)]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>(Vol. 1)</volume>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elm]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glavn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Collection of information about the Caucasus. Lists of settlements in the Caucasus region]]></source>
<year>1880</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Viceroy of the Caucasus.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tsarism&#8217;s reactionary resettlement policy and the evolution of the demographic situation in Sürmeli]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Qafqaz University]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>20-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Applied features of comparative technical, sociological investigation of historical and contemporary heritage of Azerbaijan]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Theoretical &amp; Applied Science]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<page-range>9-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kozlovsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Materials for ampelography of the Caucasus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Transcaucasian grape varieties. Erivan province]]></source>
<year>1901</year>
<volume>Vol. 3</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Golovinsky Prospekt ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liberman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Caucasian calendar for 1901]]></source>
<year>1900</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sovershestvo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahmudov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[History of Azerbaijan]]></source>
<year>1960</year>
<volume>(Vol. 2)</volume>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mammadov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[On the development of trade in the Irevan khanate of Azerbaijan in the 17-18 centuries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientific notes of Taurida National V.I. Vernadsky University, series Historical Sciences]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>168-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marlino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Memorable book of the Erivan province for 1902]]></source>
<year>1902</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Nauka]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mozaffari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Heritage and territorial disputes in the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict: A comparative analysis of the carpet museums of Baku and Shusha]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Heritage Studies]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>318-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piralov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Report on the activities of the Caucasian Crafts Committee in 1902]]></source>
<year>1903</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Historical archive of the Russian Federation]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suleymanli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modernization and culture in Azerbaijan: Second half of the XIX century: beginning of the XX century]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Linguistics and Culture Review]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>S1</numero>
<issue>S1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sumbatzade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Azerbaijani historiography of the 19th-20th centuries]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elm]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamskov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ethnic Conflict in the Transcausasus: The Case of Nagorno-Karabakh]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Theory and Society]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>631-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
