<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2218-3620</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Universidad y Sociedad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Universidad y Sociedad]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2218-3620</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial "Universo Sur"]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2218-36202023000400394</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The challenge of sustainability in developing countries: the case of Thailand]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El reto de la sostenibilidad en los países en desarrollo: el caso de Tailandia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feigenblatt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Otto Federico von]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estupiñán Ricardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Keiser University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>United States of America</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Regional Autónoma de Los Andes Ambato  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>394</fpage>
<lpage>402</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2218-36202023000400394&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2218-36202023000400394&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2218-36202023000400394&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT In this paper, some of the most common sustainability challenges in developing countries are explored. The case of Thailand, a Southeast Asian country, is taken as a representative example with a particular emphasis on the importance of the self-sufficiency economy philosophy as a central platform for the development of sustainable public policies. It also discusses some of the challenges that have been faced in the Kingdom of Thailand in relation to foreign development philosophies and their pernicious effects on the consumption habits of the population and on the order of priorities from the point of view of preferences on public policy projects. Examples are given from the field of public education. The main conclusion of the study is that, although sustainability is a global problem, solutions must be local and collective. In other words, individual freedom should not take precedence over the needs and priorities of the collective.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN En este artículo se analizan algunos de los retos más comunes en materia de sostenibilidad en los países en desarrollo. Se toma como ejemplo representativo el caso de Tailandia, un país del sudeste asiático, se hace especial hincapié en la importancia de la filosofía de la economía de autosuficiencia como plataforma central para el desarrollo de políticas públicas sostenibles. También se analizan varios de los retos a los que se enfrenta el Reino de Tailandia en relación con las filosofías de desarrollo extranjeras y sus efectos perniciosos en los hábitos de consumo de la población y en el orden de prioridades desde el punto de vista de las preferencias en los proyectos de políticas públicas. Se ofrecen ejemplos del ámbito de la educación pública. La principal conclusión del estudio es que, aunque la sostenibilidad es un problema global, las soluciones deben ser locales y colectivas. En otras palabras, la libertad individual no debe primar sobre las necesidades y prioridades de la colectividad.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Self-sufficiency economy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Thailand]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sustainability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[International Development]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Economía de autosuficiencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tailandia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sostenibilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Desarrollo internacional]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amyot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Recuerdo a Chula: memorias de cuatro décadas de participación en una universidad tailandesa, 1962-2002]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bangkok ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Investigación Social de la Universidad de Chulalongkorn]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Identifying interlinkages between urbanization and Sustainable Development Goals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geography and Sustainability]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>339-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meadows]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geography in the Anthropocene: Transforming our world for sustainable development]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geography and Sustainability]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Li.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unravelling the complexity in achieving the 17 sustainable-development goals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[National Science Review]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>386-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Religión y conflicto en el sur de Tailandia: más allá de reunir a los sospechosos habituales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sudeste asiático contemporáneo]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>258-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murphy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El populismo erosiona el antiguo orden de Tailandia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Far Eastern Economic Review]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>172</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>7-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Oficina de Información Diplomática</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Ficha País Tailandia Reino de Tailandia]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Dirección General de Comunicación, Diplomacia Pública y Redes]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scoones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stirling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abrol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Charli-Joseph]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eakin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ely]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Priya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Zwanenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transformations to sustainability: combining structural, systemic and enabling approaches.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<page-range>65-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sorajjakool]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trata de personas en Tailandia: problemas actuales, tendencias y el papel del gobierno tailandés]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chiang Mai: Libros de gusanos de seda]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ungpakorn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Un golpe para los ricos: la crisis política de Tailandia]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bangkok ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Publicación de la Democracia de los Trabajadores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ungpakorn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La crisis de Tailandia y la lucha por la democracia]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[WPress]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[von Feigenblatt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Moratoria disciplinaria: estudios poscoloniales, feminismo de la tercera ola y estudios de desarrollo internacional]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Fuerte Lauderdale ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad del Sudeste de Nova]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[von Feigenblatt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interpretaciones divergentes del conflicto en las provincias del sur de Tailandia: ¿liberación nacional o yihad panislámica?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Literatura Contemporánea]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>112-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[von Feigenblatt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La seguridad humana y la responsabilidad de proteger: un enfoque holístico para hacer frente a los conflictos violentos en el sudeste asiático]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pandey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pathak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paranjape]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mishra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gangatharan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choudhary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reposicionamiento de la 'subalternidad' en la India globalizada: la dinámica de la inclusión social]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>130</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Delhi ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[von Feigenblatt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La Importancia de la Cultura en las Interpretaciones Emic de la Historia del Movimiento Separatista del Sur de Tailandia: El &#8220;Acuerdo de Caballeros&#8221; de 1943 y la Relación de Malasia con los Separatistas]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Ritsumeikan para Estudios de Asia Pacífico]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[von Feigenblatt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cooper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Filosofía de economía de suficiencia (SEP): el enfoque Emic de Tailandia para la gobernanza y el desarrollo como evidencia de una filosofía de gestión de liderazgo inclusivo orientada al valor asiático. Análisis estratégico]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[von Feigenblatt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cooper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El movimiento de los "malos estudiantes" y los derechos humanos en la Tailandia contemporánea.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Ciencias Sociales y Económicas -UTEQ]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>174-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zambrano Murillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hechavarría Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leyva Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Environmental Certification Proposal for Sustainable Buildings in the Satellite Parish &#8220;La Aurora&#8221;, Guayas, Ecuador]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>1214</volume>
<page-range>63-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seeking sustainable solutions for human food systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geography and Sustainability]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>183-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
