<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2218-3620</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Universidad y Sociedad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Universidad y Sociedad]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2218-3620</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial "Universo Sur"]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2218-36202025000100005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Estudio de los nodos de la cadena productiva láctea en Ecuador]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Study of the nodes of the dairy production chain in Ecuador]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baque Villanueva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lisenia Karina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Comas Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raúl]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pino Ávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carmen Dominga]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lyzbeth Kruscthalia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Regional Autónoma de Los Andes  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Quevedo]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Regional Autónoma de Los Andes  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ambato]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Superior Tecnológico Edupraxis  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ambato]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2218-36202025000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2218-36202025000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2218-36202025000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La cadena productiva láctea en Ecuador enfrenta la necesidad de adoptar enfoques estratégicos que aseguren su adaptación a cambios en el entorno, mejora continua de la calidad, sostenibilidad y optimización de la competitividad en mercados nacionales e internacionales. Este estudio se propone analizar cada nodo de la cadena, abordando aspectos científicos, procesos de producción, estándares de calidad, y proponiendo recomendaciones para optimizar la eficiencia, sostenibilidad y competitividad del sector lácteo. Fundamentado en una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura científica y técnica, el análisis DAFO de cada nodo considera factores internos y externos, destacando fortalezas y oportunidades. Se proponen estrategias de mejora centradas en promover la autonomía de los productores, prácticas sostenibles, optimización de procesos y diversificación de clientes, subrayando la importancia de la innovación y la adaptabilidad a cambios en el entorno y regulaciones para garantizar la competitividad y sostenibilidad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The dairy production chain in Ecuador faces the need to adopt strategic approaches that ensure its adaptation to changes in the environment, continuous quality improvement, sustainability and optimization of competitiveness in national and international markets. This study aims to analyze each node of the chain, addressing scientific aspects, production processes, quality standards, and proposing recommendations to optimize the efficiency, sustainability and competitiveness of the dairy sector. Based on an exhaustive review of scientific and technical literature, the SWOT analysis of each node considers internal and external factors, highlighting strengths and opportunities. Improvement strategies are proposed focused on promoting the autonomy of producers, sustainable practices, process optimization and customer diversification, underlining the importance of innovation and adaptability to changes in the environment and regulations to guarantee competitiveness and sustainability.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Análisis DAFO]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sostenibilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Industria láctea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SWOT analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sustainability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dairy industry]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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