<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2218-3620</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Universidad y Sociedad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Universidad y Sociedad]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2218-3620</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial "Universo Sur"]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2218-36202025000300015</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The impact of extracurricular activities on student leadership development: a systematic review of recent evidence]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Elimpacto de las actividades extracurriculares en el desarrollo del liderazgo estudiantil: una revisión sistemática de la evidencia reciente]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jing]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ismail]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aziah]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universiti Sains Malaysia School of Educational Studies ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Pulau Pinang ]]></addr-line>
<country>Malaysia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2218-36202025000300015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2218-36202025000300015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2218-36202025000300015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This systematic review synthesizes recent evidence on the impact of extracurricular activities (ECAs) on student leadership development. Given the fragmented nature of existing research, this study aimed to clarify the overall effect of ECAs on student leadership and explore how different types of ECAs interact with student characteristics to influence leadership outcomes. A total of 9 studies published between 2020 and 2024 were identified through a comprehensive search of five electronic databases. The results indicate that most studies suggest a positive impact of ECAs on student leadership development. However, the magnitude and nature of this impact remain controversial, and the influence mechanisms vary. Some studies have explored the moderating role of student characteristics, but more research is needed in this area. Existing studies are limited by small sample sizes and over - reliance on self - reported data. Future research should focus on larger and more diverse samples, longitudinal research designs, and in - depth exploration of different types of ECAs. This review provides a foundation for educational institutions to design more effective leadership development programs and contributes to the advancement of knowledge in this field.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Esta revisión sistemática sintetiza la evidencia reciente sobre el impacto de las actividades extracurriculares (ACE) en el desarrollo del liderazgo estudiantil. Dada la fragmentación de la investigación existente, este estudio buscó aclarar el efecto general de las ACE en el liderazgo estudiantil y explorar cómo los diferentes tipos de ACE interactúan con las características estudiantiles para influir en los resultados de liderazgo. Se identificaron nueve estudios publicados entre 2020 y 2024 mediante una búsqueda exhaustiva en cinco bases de datos electrónicas. Los resultados indican que la mayoría de los estudios sugieren un impacto positivo de las ECA en el desarrollo del liderazgo estudiantil. Sin embargo, la magnitud y la naturaleza de este impacto siguen siendo controvertidas, y los mecanismos de influencia varían. Algunos estudios han explorado el papel moderador de las características estudiantiles, pero se necesita más investigación en este ámbito. Algunos estudios han explorado el papel moderador de las características estudiantiles, pero se necesita más investigación en esta área. Los estudios existentes se ven limitados por el pequeño tamaño de las muestras y la excesiva dependencia de datos autodeclarados. Las investigaciones futuras deberían centrarse en muestras más amplias y diversas, diseños de investigación longitudinales y una exploración exhaustiva de los diferentes tipos de ECA. Esta revisión proporciona una base para que las instituciones educativas diseñen programas de desarrollo de liderazgo más eficaces y contribuye al avance del conocimiento en este campo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[activities]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Student leadership]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Systematic review]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Actividades extracurriculares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Liderazgo estudiantil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Revisión sistemática]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ab Ghani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Awang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ajit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Participation in co-curriculum activities and students&#8217; leadership skills]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alsarrani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jusoh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alhaseri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeharish]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A literature review study of the relationship between leadership style, leadership behaviour, and leadership traits]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Humanities &amp; Social Sciences Reviews]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>152-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Astin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[College student development and academic life]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bass]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stogdill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bass &amp; Stogdill's handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications.]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Simon and Schuster]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Supporting facets of teamwork and leadership skills of business students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Behavior Studies in Organizations]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>32-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Prada Creo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mareque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portela-Pino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The acquisition of teamwork skills in university students through extra-curricular activities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Education+ Training]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>165-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Relationship Between Leadership Traits and Activity Participation Among Madison Plains High School Students]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ohio State University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fakhretdinova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osipov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dulalaeva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Extracurricular activities as an important tool in developing soft skills. Educating Engineers for Future Industrial Revolutions]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 23rdInternational Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Dresden, Germany </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farhana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Badrus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tiara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Role of Scout Extracurricular Activities on the Formation of Student Leadership Character at Boarding School]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Social and Scientific Education]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>9-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feraco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Resnati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fregonese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meneghetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Soft skills and extracurricular activities sustain motivation and self-regulated learning at school]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Experimental Education]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>90</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>550-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of extracurricular activities participation on student leadership: The mediating role of general self-concept]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Shanghai Institute of Physical Education]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>75-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hannah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teachers&#8217; Perceptions of How Extracurricular Activities Impact Students&#8217; School Engagement: A Multiple Case Study]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Northcentral University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espeso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Research on the Relationship between College Students' Leadership Ability and Participation in Extracurricular Sports Activities.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Educational Review]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>531-5</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[USA ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaliyeva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bektassova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aliyeva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tleuberdinov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development of language skills of students by establishing inter-subject connections between the Kazakh language and the history of Kazakhstan subjects]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Studies in Educational Management]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>60-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Empirical Study of Extracurricular Activity on Socially Responsible Leadership]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Leadership Education]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Every little makes a Mickle: The role of extracurricular activity event in leadership emergence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Current Psychology: A Journal for Diverse Perspectives on Diverse Psychological Issues]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>31</numero>
<issue>31</issue>
<page-range>26888-903</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martinez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sowcik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bunch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of leadership education and co-curricular involvement on the development of socially responsible leadership outcomes in undergraduate students An Exploratory Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Leadership Education]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>32-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCarron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campbell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muscente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schierbeek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[We're not working with a blank slate: Students' pre-college leadership activities and perceived parenting behavior as predictors of college-based leader emergence and leader self-efficacy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Leadership Education]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitchell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Leadership between Students in Extracurricular Activities and Not in Extracurricular Activities at Reitaku University]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int. J. Adv. Multidisc. Res. Stud.]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1012-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Munadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Extracurricular Activities and Student Development of Secondary School: Learning from Indonesia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Education and Practice]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>23-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Northouse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Leadership: Theory and practice]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage publications]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Page]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKenzie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bossuyt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boutron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoffmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mulrow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shamseer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tetzlaff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brennan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glanville]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grimshaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hróbjartsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lalu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayo-Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McDonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McGuinness]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[&#8230; Moher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ (Clinical research ed.)]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>372</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pierce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erickson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarkar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[High school student-athletes&#8217; perceptions and experiences of leadership as a life skill]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psychology of Sport and Exercise]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>101716</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portela-Pino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvariñas-Villaverde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pino-Juste]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Socio-Emotional Skills in Adolescence. Influence of Personal and Extracurricular Variables]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International journal of environmental research and public health]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>4811</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Extracurricular activities and Chinese children&#8217;s school readiness: Who benefits more?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Child Development]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1028-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Student leadership in school: Internalization of entrepreneurial competence and character]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siisiainen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Two concepts of social capital: Bourdieu vs. Putnam]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International journal of contemporary sociology]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>183-204</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sumague]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of involvement in clubs and organizations on the leadership development of students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>404-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tibyaze]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teachers&#8217; roles in pupils&#8217; participation in co-curricular activities in public primary schools in Najja sub-county, Buikwe district, Uganda]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Nkumba University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Le]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Factors impeding university students' participation in English extracurricular activities: Time constraints and personal obstacles]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Heliyon]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
