<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2218-3620</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Universidad y Sociedad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Universidad y Sociedad]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2218-3620</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial "Universo Sur"]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2218-36202025000300044</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Functional semantic character of affirmation in English in the aspect of cognitive linguistics]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Carácter semántico funcional de la afirmación en inglés en el aspecto de la lingüística cognitiva]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baghir Babasoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yegana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeynalova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Khazrin]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elmar Sadigova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nazila]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mehraj Ismayilli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Turkan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Nakhchivan State University Faculty of Foreign Languages ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Azeribaijan</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2218-36202025000300044&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2218-36202025000300044&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2218-36202025000300044&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Affirmation is a universal linguistic category that facilitates human communication and cognition by encoding notions of presence, completeness, and certainty. Despite its pervasive role in languages, affirmation has not been extensively examined in mainstream linguistic theory, leading to an oversight of its cognitive richness and multi-dimensional expression. This study bridges this gap by investigating the functional-semantic nature of affirmation in English within a cognitive linguistic framework, emphasizing its role in cognitive coordination and its variable, speaker-centered realization. We employed a multi-modal qualitative methodology-including semantic interpretation, cognitive-contextual analysis, descriptive-structuralist approaches, and discourse analysis. In the research we systematically explore both direct (explicit) and indirect (implicit) expressions of affirmation, supported by cross-linguistic comparisons and real-life examples. Findings reveal that affirmation is a graded, multi-layered phenomenon closely interacting with other linguistic categories. It operates subjectively and epistemically, is speaker-oriented, and manifests at syntactic, morphological, and pragmatic levels. The study also corroborates those affirmations are processed more quickly and effortlessly than negations, reflecting their ontological priority. Theoretically, the research contributes to models of modality and speech acts; practically, it has implications for foreign-language instruction, discourse analysis, and neurolinguistic experimentation. By grounding affirmation in cognitive linguistics-a paradigm uniquely suited to characterize this abstract phenomenon-the study highlights how lived experience and daily speech shape linguistic cognition, affirming its centrality in human thought and communication.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La afirmación es una categoría lingüística universal que facilita la comunicación y la cognición humanas al codificar nociones de presencia, completitud y certeza. A pesar de su papel omnipresente en las lenguas, la afirmación no se ha examinado exhaustivamente en la teoría lingüística dominante, lo que ha llevado a descuidar su riqueza cognitiva y su expresión multidimensional. Este estudio aborda esta deficiencia investigando la naturaleza funcional-semántica de la afirmación en inglés dentro de un marco lingüístico cognitivo, haciendo hincapié en su papel en la coordinación cognitiva y su realización variable, centrada en el hablante. Se emplea una metodología cualitativa multimodal que incluye interpretación semántica, análisis cognitivo-contextual, enfoques descriptivo-estructuralistas y análisis del discurso. En la investigación, exploramos sistemáticamente las expresiones directas (explícitas) e indirectas (implícitas) de la afirmación, con el apoyo de comparaciones interlingüísticas y ejemplos de la vida real. Los hallazgos revelan que la afirmación es un fenómeno gradual y multidimensional que interactúa estrechamente con otras categorías lingüísticas. Opera subjetiva y epistémicamente, está orientada al hablante y se manifiesta a nivel sintáctico, morfológico y pragmático. El estudio también corrobora que las afirmaciones se procesan con mayor rapidez y facilidad que las negaciones, lo que refleja su prioridad ontológica. En teoría, la investigación contribuye a los modelos de modalidad y actos de habla; en la práctica, tiene implicaciones para la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras, el análisis del discurso y la experimentación neurolingüística. Al fundamentar la afirmación en la lingüística cognitiva -un paradigma excepcionalmente adecuado para caracterizar este fenómeno abstracto-, el estudio destaca cómo la experiencia vivida y el habla cotidiana configuran la cognición lingüística, afirmando su centralidad en el pensamiento y la comunicación humanos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Affirmation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cognition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Self-affirmatives]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gradual affirmation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Direct]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Indirect affirmation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Afirmación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cognición]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Autoafirmaciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Afirmación gradual]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Afirmación directa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Afirmación indirecta]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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