<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2218-3620</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Universidad y Sociedad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Universidad y Sociedad]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2218-3620</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial "Universo Sur"]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2218-36202025000400001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Educación Digital y Desigualdad del Ingreso: Un análisis comparativo para el caso ecuatoriano]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Digital Education and Income Inequality: A Comparative Analysis for the Ecuadorian Case]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paredes Argudo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jessennia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yosa Pinela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ingrid Lisbeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benavides Moreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Letty Giannella]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cartuche Nagua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jenny Maritza]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar Regato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Fernanda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Universitario de Formación  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2218-36202025000400001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2218-36202025000400001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2218-36202025000400001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Este estudio analiza la relación entre la alfabetización digital y la desigualdad del ingreso en Ecuador, con énfasis en las diferencias por género y área geográfica. Se basa en el enfoque del capital humano y la teoría de la brecha digital, reconociendo la creciente importancia de las habilidades digitales en el acceso al empleo y el bienestar económico. El objetivo principal es evaluar en qué medida la alfabetización digital influye en el ingreso per cápita, considerando también las posibles interacciones con el género y la ubicación territorial. La investigación adopta un diseño cuantitativo, comparativo y no experimental, utilizando datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo, Desempleo y Subempleo (ENEMDU). La muestra incluye 1223 personas que accedieron a servicios educativos digitales. Se aplican análisis de varianza (ANOVA) unidireccional y bidireccional, así como comparaciones de medias. Los resultados muestran que el nivel de alfabetización digital tiene un efecto significativo en el ingreso per cápita (F = 30,49; p &lt; 0,001). También se identificaron efectos independientes del género y el área geográfica, aunque sus interacciones con el nivel educativo no fueron significativas. Sin embargo, los patrones visuales revelan desigualdades acumuladas, especialmente entre las mujeres rurales con bajos niveles educativos. Los hallazgos aportan evidencia empírica sobre el papel de la educación digital como factor relevante en la distribución del ingreso. Se concluye que las políticas públicas orientadas a fortalecer la inclusión digital en contextos vulnerables pueden contribuir a reducir las desigualdades estructurales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This study analyzes the relationship between digital literacy and income inequality in Ecuador, with an emphasis on differences by gender and geographic area. It is based on the human capital approach and the digital divide theory, recognizing the growing importance of digital skills in access to employment and economic well-being. The main objective is to evaluate the extent to which digital literacy influences per capita income, also considering possible interactions with gender and territorial location. The research adopts quantitative, comparative, and non-experimental design, using data from the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment, and Underemployment (ENEMDU). The sample includes 1,223 individuals who accessed digital educational services. One-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) are applied, as well as comparisons of means. The results show that the level of digital literacy has a significant effect on per capita income (F = 30.49; p &lt; 0.001). Independent effects of gender and geographic area were also identified, although their interactions with educational level were not significant. However, the visual patterns reveal cumulative inequalities, especially among rural women with low educational levels. The findings provide empirical evidence on the role of digital education as a relevant factor in income distribution. It is concluded that public policies aimed at strengthening digital inclusion in vulnerable contexts can contribute to reducing structural inequalities.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Educación digital]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Desigualdad de ingresos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Brecha digital]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Mercado de trabajo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Digital education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Income inequality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Digital divide]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Labor market]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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