<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2218-3620</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Universidad y Sociedad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Universidad y Sociedad]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2218-3620</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial "Universo Sur"]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2218-36202025000400023</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The factor of national identity in British literature]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El factor de la identidad nacional en la literatura británica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guliyeva Nuraddin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ilaha]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Department of Languages ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Azerbaijan</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2218-36202025000400023&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2218-36202025000400023&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2218-36202025000400023&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT National self-awareness is a primary and disputed dimension of collective affiliation, to which appeal is made in historical memory, political ritual, and cultural symbolism. Although the social sciences have traditionally examined British national identity from the perspectives of state-formation and civic nationalism, the literary productions analogous to those-whereby authors imagine, negotiate, and critique "Englishness," "Britishness," and their ethnic and civic complicities-have drawn relatively scant systematic notice. This research addresses that gap by examining how British literature of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries encodes themes of national self-awareness, through an interdisciplinary methodology that pairs close reading of exemplary texts with theoretical frameworks from nationalism studies and postcolonial theory. The study of canonical writers (i.e., Orwell, Kipling, Forster, and Dickens) alongside postmodern writers reveals literature habitually employs island metaphors, memory rituals, and everyday cultural practices-such as afternoon tea and borderland encounters-to naturalize and destabilize monolithic identity constructions. Our results demonstrate literary texts are double-edged instruments: they can cement state-sanctioned identities while also exposing their exclusions and contradictions. In charting these narrative strategies, the study contributes a nuanced model for the integration of literary analysis into broader discourse on national identity, multiculturalism, and devolution. The implications extend to Brexit-era politics and cultural memory contests of today, and point to the ongoing possibility for literature to serve as a valuable archive and resource for resistance in the face of socio-political transformation.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La autoconciencia nacional es una dimensión primaria y controvertida de la afiliación colectiva, a la que se apela en la memoria histórica, los rituales políticos y el simbolismo cultural. Si bien las ciencias sociales han examinado tradicionalmente la identidad nacional británica desde las perspectivas de la formación del Estado y el nacionalismo cívico, las producciones literarias análogas -en las que los autores imaginan, negocian y critican la "inglesidad", la "britanicidad" y sus complicidades étnicas y cívicas- han recibido relativamente poca atención sistemática. Esta investigación aborda esta deficiencia examinando cómo la literatura británica de los siglos XX y XXI codifica temas de autoconciencia nacional, mediante una metodología interdisciplinaria que combina la lectura atenta de textos ejemplares con marcos teóricos de los estudios del nacionalismo y la teoría poscolonial. El estudio de escritores canónicos (es decir, Orwell, Kipling, Forster y Dickens) junto con escritores posmodernos revela que la literatura emplea habitualmente metáforas isleñas, rituales de memoria y prácticas culturales cotidianas -como el té de la tarde y los encuentros fronterizos- para naturalizar y desestabilizar las construcciones identitarias monolíticas. Los resultados demuestran que los textos literarios son armas de doble filo: pueden cimentar identidades sancionadas por el Estado y, al mismo tiempo, exponer sus exclusiones y contradicciones. Al trazar estas estrategias narrativas, el estudio aporta un modelo matizado para la integración del análisis literario en un discurso más amplio sobre la identidad nacional, el multiculturalismo y la descentralización. Las implicaciones se extienden a la política de la era del Brexit y a los debates sobre la memoria cultural actuales, y señalan la posibilidad constante de que la literatura sirva como un valioso archivo y recurso para la resistencia ante la transformación sociopolítica.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Britain]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[England]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Literature]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Self-awareness]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[National identity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Gran Bretaña]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inglaterra]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Literatura]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Autoconciencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Identidad nacional]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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