<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2223-4861</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Centro Azúcar]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[cen. az.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2223-4861</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Feijóo]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2223-48612024000100007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[CAUSAS DE FALLA EN COLUMNAS DE TRÍPODE SOBRE CAMIÓN]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[CAUSES OF FAILURE IN TRIPOD COLUMNS ON TRUCK]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz Cedré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanchez Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[César A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tamayo Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcos A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz Crespo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amado]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fabricación y Tecnología en Soldadura S.A de C.V  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Querétaro Qro]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Central &#8220;Marta Abreu&#8221; de Las Villas Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica e Industrial Centro de Investigaciones de Soldadura (CIS)]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santa Clara Villa Clara]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2223-48612024000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2223-48612024000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2223-48612024000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción: La ocurrencia de mecanismos mixtos de fractura en elementos mecánicos es frecuente, debido al accionar de múltiples factores que intervienen durante el diseño, la fabricación y el funcionamiento de los mismos.  Objetivo:  Establecer las causas de fallas en columnas de trípode sobre camión, en base a la caracterización del metal base y las uniones soldadas en la región de la falla.  Materiales y Métodos: Fue realizada la inspección visual de las fallas, la caracterización química y microestructural por microscopía óptica de las columnas; así como ensayo de tensión del material base.  Resultados y Discusión: Los análisis integrados de inspección visual y los resultados de caracterización química y metalográfica, revelan que el material de las columnas no es recomendado para estructuras soldadas y que no fueron tomadas medidas, como el precalentamiento y tratamiento térmico posterior a la soldadura. Por las características del acero y la ubicación de las grietas detectadas, pueden estar asociadas al agrietamiento por hidrógeno difusible.  Conclusiones: La falla de las columnas fue resultado de la combinación de varios factores, destacando errores de diseño y fabricación en la selección de un material no recomendado y la no ejecución de medidas de atenuación durante la ejecución de la soldadura, unido también a factores como, posibles sobrecargas u operación inadecuada del equipo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction: The occurrence of mixed fracture mechanisms in mechanical elements is frequent, due to the action of multiple factors that intervene during their design, manufacturing and operation.  Objective:  To establish the causes of failures in tripod columns on trucks, based on the characterization of the base metal and the welded joints in the failure region.  Materials and Methods: Visual inspection of the failures, chemical and microstructural characterization by optical microscopy of the columns, as well as tensible test of the base material were carried out.  Results and Discussion: The integrated visual inspection analysis and the results of chemical and metallographic characterization reveal that the material of the columns is not recommended for welded structures and that measures such as preheating and thermal treatment after welding were not taken. Due to the characteristics of the steel and the location of the detected cracks, they may be associated with diffusible hydrogen cracking.  Conclusions: The failure of the columns was the result of a combination of several factors, highlighting design and manufacturing errors in the selection of a non-recommended material and the non-execution of attenuation measures during the execution of the welding, also linked to factors such as, possible overloads or improper operation of the equipment.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[aceros para estructura]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[agrietamiento en frío]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis de fallas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[zonas de la unión soldada]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[structural steels]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cold cracking]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[failure analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[welded joint zones]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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