<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7493</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Cirugía]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Cir]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7493</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-74932001000100013</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Carcinoma de mama en el varón: Análisis de 5 casos y revisión bibliográfica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar Luque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarmiento Robles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Custodio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merino de la Torre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Esther]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital U de Valme Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2001</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2001</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>66</fpage>
<lpage>72</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-74932001000100013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-74932001000100013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-74932001000100013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[El carcinoma de mama es muy poco frecuente en el varón (0,1 a 0,2 % de todos los cánceres masculinos), lo que condiciona diagnósticos más tardíos que ensombrecen el pronóstico. Se presenta una serie de 7 carcinomas de mama en 6 varones con edad media de 60 años (47 a 72 años) y tiempo medio primer síntoma-intervención de 14,3 meses (5 a 30 meses). Los estadios fueron: I(1), II(3), III(1) y IV(1). El estudio histopatológico evidenció 6 carcinomas ductales infiltrantes: 1 multicéntrico y 1 intraductal (multicéntrico). Se trataron 5 de ellos con mastectomía radical modificada (3 con la de tipo Patey y 2 con la de Madden). En el que presentaba el carcinoma bilateral, se practicó mastectomía radical de Halsted en la mama izquierda y tumorrectomía simple más linfadenectomía axilar en la derecha. Recibieron tratamiento coadyuvante 5 pacientes: 2, quimioterapia; 1, radioterapia; 1, quimioterapia más radioterapia y 1, hormonoterapia. Fallece el sexto paciente al 9no. día del posoperatorio por enfermedad diseminada en estadio terminal y otro a los 3,5 años de enfermedad metastásica; sobreviven los 4 restantes libres de enfermedad a los 7,5,5 y 5 años. Se analizan los aspectos diagnósticos y terapéuticos en una amplia revisión bibliográfica y se concluye en que es una neoplasia de unas características y pronósticos similar en uno y otro sexos, no obstante, se publican peores resultados en el varón debido a la mayor demora en el diagnóstico respecto al femenino]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Male breast carcinoma is very uncommon (0.1% of all the male cancers), which makes us have later diagnosis that darken the prognosis. A series of 7 breast carcinomas in 6 males with a mean age of 60 years (47-72 years old) and with a mean time between the first symptom and the operation of 14.3 months (5 to 30 months) is presented. The stages were as follows: I(1), II(3). III(1) and IV(1). The histopathological study showed 6 infiltrating ductal carcinomas: l multicenter and l intraductal (multicenter). 54 patients were treated with modified radical mastectomy (3 with Patey's operation and 2 with Madden's operation). The patient with bilateral carcinoma underwent Halsted's radical mastectomy in the left breast and simple tumorectomy plus axilary lymphadenectomy in the right. 5 patients received coadjuvant treatment: 2, chemotherapy; l, radiotherapy; 1, chemotherapy plus radiotherapy; and 1, hormone therapy. The sixth patient died 9 days after the operation due to end-stage disseminated disease and the other died from metastatic disease 3,5 years later. The other 4 survive free of disease at 7, 5.5, and 5 years. The diagnostic and therapeutic aspects are analyzed through a wide bibliographic review and it is concluded that it is a neoplasia with similar characteristics and prognosis in both sexes. However, results are poorer in males due to the delay in making the diagnosis compared with females]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[NEOPLASMAS DE LA MAMA MASCULINA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[NEOPLASMAS DE LA MAMA MASCULINA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[BREAST NEOPLASM, MALE]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[BREAST NEOPLASM, MALE]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[   <H3> Art&iacute;culos Originales</H3>  Hospital &laquo;U. de Valme&raquo;. Servicio de Cirug&iacute;a General  y Digestiva, Sevilla, Espa&ntilde;a  <H2>  Carcinoma de mama en el var&oacute;n. An&aacute;lisis de 5 casos y revisi&oacute;n  bibliogr&aacute;fica</H2>  <I><A HREF="#*">Dr. Jos&eacute; Aguilar Luque,<SUP>1</SUP> Dr. Custodio  Sarmiento Robles,<SUP>1</SUP> Dra. Esther Merino de la Torre <SUP>2</SUP>  y Dr. Pablo Mart&iacute;nez Garc&iacute;a<SUP>1</SUP></A></I>   <H4>  RESUMEN</H4>  El carcinoma de mama es muy poco frecuente en el var&oacute;n (0,1 a 0,2  % de todos los c&aacute;nceres masculinos), lo que condiciona diagn&oacute;sticos  m&aacute;s tard&iacute;os que ensombrecen el pron&oacute;stico. Se presenta  una serie de 7 carcinomas de mama en 6 varones con edad media de 60 a&ntilde;os  (47 a 72 a&ntilde;os) y tiempo medio primer s&iacute;ntoma-intervenci&oacute;n  de 14,3 meses (5 a 30 meses). Los estadios fueron: I(1), II(3), III(1)  y IV(1). El estudio histopatol&oacute;gico evidenci&oacute; 6 carcinomas  ductales infiltrantes: 1 multic&eacute;ntrico y 1 intraductal (multic&eacute;ntrico).  Se trataron 5 de ellos con mastectom&iacute;a radical modificada (3 con  la de tipo Patey y 2 con la de Madden). En el que presentaba el carcinoma  bilateral, se practic&oacute; mastectom&iacute;a radical de Halsted en  la mama izquierda y tumorrectom&iacute;a simple m&aacute;s linfadenectom&iacute;a  axilar en la derecha. Recibieron tratamiento coadyuvante 5 pacientes: 2,  quimioterapia; 1, radioterapia; 1, quimioterapia m&aacute;s radioterapia  y 1, hormonoterapia. Fallece el sexto paciente al 9no. d&iacute;a del posoperatorio  por enfermedad diseminada en estadio terminal y otro a los 3,5 a&ntilde;os  de enfermedad metast&aacute;sica; sobreviven los 4 restantes libres de  enfermedad a los 7,5,5 y 5 a&ntilde;os. Se analizan los aspectos diagn&oacute;sticos  y terap&eacute;uticos en una amplia revisi&oacute;n bibliogr&aacute;fica  y se concluye en que es una neoplasia de unas caracter&iacute;sticas y  pron&oacute;sticos similar en uno y otro sexos, no obstante, se publican  peores resultados en el var&oacute;n debido a la mayor demora en el diagn&oacute;stico  respecto al femenino.        <P><I>Descriptores DeCS:</I> NEOPLASMAS DE LA MAMA MASCULINA/diagn&oacute;stico;  NEOPLASMAS DE LA MAMA MASCULINA/cirug&iacute;a.      <BR>&nbsp;      <BR>&nbsp;        <P>Siendo el c&aacute;ncer de mama la neoplasia m&aacute;s frecuente en  la mujer, en el hombre es rara pues no representa m&aacute;s del 1 % de  los c&aacute;nceres mamarios <SUP>1-6</SUP> y el 0,2 % de todos los c&aacute;nceres  del var&oacute;n.<SUP>7</SUP> Hay discrepancias en cuanto a considerarlo  de similar pron&oacute;stico al de la mujer <SUP>8-15</SUP> o m&aacute;s  agresivo.<SUP>7,16-19</SUP> Algunos autores defienden la teor&iacute;a  de que el c&aacute;ncer de mama en el var&oacute;n se trata de una enfermedad  diferente al c&aacute;ncer de mama en la mujer,<SUP>20,21</SUP> e incluso  hay quien trata de demostrar que se trata de un tumor metast&aacute;sico  de un carcinoma de pr&oacute;stata.<SUP>22</SUP>        <P>Mientras que en la mujer se han hecho infinidad de estudios epidemiol&oacute;gicos  y <I>screening</I> para el diagn&oacute;stico precoz, en el hombre no se  conocen estudios de este tipo, lo que hace interesante cualquier aportaci&oacute;n  de series que estudien los diferentes factores que pueden relacionarse  con la incidencia y pron&oacute;stico de estos tumores. Con este objetivo  presentamos 7 c&aacute;nceres de mama en 6 varones (1 bilateral) y la revisi&oacute;n  de la literatura m&eacute;dica con grandes series personales y estudios  multic&eacute;ntricos.      <BR>&nbsp;      <BR>&nbsp;  <H4>  M&Eacute;TODOS</H4>  Entre 1988 y 1994 han sido intervenidos 7 carcinomas de mama correspondientes  a 6 varones (1 bilateral) en el Servicio de Cirug&iacute;a General y Digestiva  del Hospital &laquo; U. de Valme&raquo; de Sevilla.        <P>En el mismo per&iacute;odo se han tratado 610 carcinomas de mama femeninos  entre nuestro Servicio y el de Obstetricia y Ginecolog&iacute;a, para representar  el carcinoma de mama en el var&oacute;n el 1,16 % de todos los c&aacute;nceres  de mama tratados en nuestro Hospital.        <P>Los datos epidemiol&oacute;gicos se recogen en la tabla 1, donde se  observa una edad media de 60 a&ntilde;os (47 a 72 a&ntilde;os) frente a  los 52 de las mujeres. El motivo de consulta m&aacute;s frecuente fue n&oacute;dulo  m&aacute;s retracci&oacute;n del pez&oacute;n en 3 ocasiones, s&oacute;lo  n&oacute;dulo en 2 y en 1 caso fue un s&iacute;ndrome paraneopl&aacute;sico,  con una masa que ocupaba toda la mama izquierda y un n&oacute;dulo en la  derecha.      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER></CENTER>        <CENTER>TABLA 1.</CENTER>        <CENTER><TABLE CELLPADDING=4 >  <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">Pacientes&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>1</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>2</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>3</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>4</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>5</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>6</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">Edad</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>47a.</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER>63a.</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>72a.</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>63a.</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>53a.</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>62a.</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">Intervalo&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">del 1er. s&iacute;ntoma-</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>5 meses</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>9 meses</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>30 meses</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>24 meses</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>9 meses</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER>12 meses</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">intervenci&oacute;n</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">Motivo de</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Tumor +</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>S&iacute;ndrome</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Tumor +</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Tumor</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Tumor +</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Tumor +</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">consulta</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>retracci&oacute;n</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>ci&aacute;tico +</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>retracci&oacute;n</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER>retracci&oacute;n</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>retracci&oacute;n +</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>tumor de</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>prurito</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>mama</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">Antecedentes</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Polipectom&iacute;a</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Fimosis</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Dupuytren</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Sin inter&eacute;s</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Traumatismo</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER>HTA*** en</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">personales</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>en cuerdas vocales</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Hemorroidectom&iacute;a</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>intervenido</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>de mama. Tratamiento&nbsp; con omeprazol</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>tratamiento</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>&nbsp;</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>&nbsp;</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>&nbsp;</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Apendicec-</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER>&nbsp;</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>tom&iacute;a. FOD*</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">Antecedentes familiares</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>No</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>No</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>No</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>No</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>No</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>No</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">Localizaci&oacute;n</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Retroareolar</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Bilateral en</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER>CS** mama</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>2 hermanas</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Retroareolar</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Cuadrante</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>mama</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>toda la mama</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>derecha</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>con c&aacute;ncer de mama</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>mama derecha</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>super externo mama derecha</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>  </TABLE></CENTER>        ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER>*FOD: Fiebre de origen desconocido.</CENTER>        <CENTER>**CSI: cuadrante superointerno.</CENTER>        <CENTER>***HTA: Hipertensi&oacute;n arterial.</CENTER>  &nbsp;      <BR>&nbsp;        <P>El intervalo de tiempo transcurrido entre la aparici&oacute;n del primer  s&iacute;ntoma y la intervenci&oacute;n fue de 14,3 meses (5-30) superior  al de la mujer (3,2 meses). Como antecedentes de inter&eacute;s registramos  un traumatismo en la mama 1 a&ntilde;o antes en un paciente al que se le  indic&oacute; tratamiento antiulceroso, uno intervenido de p&oacute;lipo  de cuerdas vocales, otro paciente con tratamiento de hipertensi&oacute;n  arterial, un paciente tratado de enfermedad de Dupuytren palmar, otro con  cuadros febriles no filiados de 2 meses de evoluci&oacute;n y solo 1 no  presentaba antecedentes de inter&eacute;s. S&oacute;lo un enfermo refer&iacute;a  antecedentes familiares de 2 hermanas fallecidas por c&aacute;ncer de mama.        <P>La lesi&oacute;n se localiz&oacute; en el cuadrante superoexterno en  3 casos: retroareolar en 2; en el cuadrante superointerno, 1 y en toda  la mama, 1. La punci&oacute;n aspirativa con aguja fina (PAAF) se realiz&oacute;  a 5 enfermos y en todos ellos fue diagn&oacute;stica, lo mismo ocurri&oacute;  con la biopsia excisional realizada en un paciente.      <BR>&nbsp;      <BR>&nbsp;  <H4>  RESULTADOS</H4>  Tres enfermos se trataron con mastectom&iacute;a radical modificada tipo  Patey y 2 con Madden y en el que presentaba el carcinoma bilateral, se  practic&oacute; mastectom&iacute;a radical de Halsted en la mama izquierda  y tumorrectom&iacute;a simple m&aacute;s linfadenectom&iacute;a axiliar  en la derecha (tabla 2). La linforragia fue superior a 100 cc en 4 casos,  lo que hizo aumentar el tiempo de hospitalizaci&oacute;n media a 5,6 d&iacute;as,  con seguimiento posterior en consulta. Dos pacientes recibieron quimioterapia,  uno radioterapia, otro quimioterapia m&aacute;s radioterapia, uno hormonoterapia  y el sexto falleci&oacute; al 9no. d&iacute;a del posoperatorio por enfermedad  metast&aacute;sica en fase terminal; otro paciente falleci&oacute; a los  3,5 a&ntilde;os de enfermedad metast&aacute;sica y los 4 pacientes restantes  viven libres de enfermedad a los 7, 5, 5 y 5 a&ntilde;os respectivamente  de la intervenci&oacute;n.      <BR>&nbsp;      <BR>&nbsp;      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER></CENTER>        <CENTER>TABLA 2.</CENTER>        <CENTER><TABLE CELLPADDING=4 >  <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">Pacientes&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>1</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>2</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>3</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>4</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>5</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>6</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">Intervenci&oacute;n</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Madden</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER>Der: Halsted</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Patey</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Madden</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Patey</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Patey</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Isq: T +VA*</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">Linforragia</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>50cc/1 d&iacute;a</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>No</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>200 cc/12 d&iacute;as</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>150 cc/14 d&iacute;as</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER>100 cc/7 d&iacute;as</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>150 cc/15 d&iacute;as</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">Hospitalizaci&oacute;n</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>1 d&iacute;a</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>9 d&iacute;as (†)</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>5 d&iacute;as</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>6 d&iacute;as</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>3 d&iacute;as</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>9 d&iacute;as</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">Tratamiento</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>CAF*</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>No</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER>Tamoxifeno</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Radioterapia</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Radioterapia</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>CMF***</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">adyuvante</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>+CMF</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">Estado actual</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER><I>Exitus</I> a los</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER><I>Exitus</I> en</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Sin enfermedad</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Sin enfermedad</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Sin enfermedad</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER>Sin enfermedad</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>3,5 a&ntilde;os</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>posoperatorio</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>(7 a&ntilde;os)</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>(5 a&ntilde;os)</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>(5 a&ntilde;os)</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>(5 a&ntilde;os)</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>  </TABLE></CENTER>        <CENTER>* CAF: Ciclofosfamida, adriamicina, 5-fluouracilo.</CENTER>        <CENTER>** T+VA: Tumorrectom&iacute;a y vaciamiento axilar.</CENTER>        <CENTER>***CMF: Ciclofosfamida, metotrexate, 5-fluoracilo.</CENTER>        ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER>(†):Exitus.</CENTER>          <P>Las caracter&iacute;sticas histopatol&oacute;gicas de la serie se recogen  en la tabla 3, donde se observa que en 4 pacientes se evidencia carcinoma  ductal infiltrante (incluido el carcinoma bilateral), en uno carcinoma  ductal infiltrante multic&eacute;ntrico, y en el 6to carcinoma intraductal  multic&eacute;ntrico. Los estadios hallados fueron: estadio I(1), estadio  II(3), estadio III(1). estadio IV(1), con las caracter&iacute;sticas histol&oacute;gicas  expresadas (grado histol&oacute;gico, grado nuclear, receptores hormonales  e invasi&oacute;n vascular y linf&aacute;tica perineural).      <BR>&nbsp;      <BR>&nbsp;      <CENTER></CENTER>        <CENTER>TABLA 3.</CENTER>        <CENTER><TABLE CELLPADDING=4 >  <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">Pacientes&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>1</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>2</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>3</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER>4</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>5</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>6</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">PAAF*</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Carcinoma</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>-</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Carcinoma</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Tumor papilar</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Carcinoma</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Carcinoma de</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>ductal</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER>ductal</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>intraqu&iacute;stico</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>ductal</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>mama</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>sospechoso de</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>malignidad</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">Biopsia previa</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>No</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>No</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>No</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>S&iacute;</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER>No</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>No</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">Tipo</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Carcinoma</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Carcinoma</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Carcinoma</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Carcinoma</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Carcinoma</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Carcinoma</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">histol&oacute;gico</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>ductal</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>ductal</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER>ductal</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>intraductal</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>ductal</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>ductal</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>infiltrante</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>infiltrante</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>infiltrante</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>multic&eacute;ntrico</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>infiltrante</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>infiltrante +</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER>multic&eacute;ntrico</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>carcinoma <I>in situ</I></CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">TNM</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>T1 N1 M0</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>T2 Nx M1</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>T2 N0 M0</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>T1 N0 M0</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>T4 N0 M0</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>T1 N1 M0</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">Estadio</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>IIa</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>IV</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER>IIa</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>I</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>IIIb</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>IIb</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">Grado</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">histol&oacute;gico</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>III/III</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>III/III</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>II/III</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>I/III</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>I/III</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>II/III</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">Grado nuclear</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER>III/III</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>III/III</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>II/III</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>II/III</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>II/III</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>II/III</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">Receptores</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>E..(+) P:(-)</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>-</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>- E(+) P(-)</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>E(+) P(-)</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER>E(+) P(-)</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>E(+) P(-)</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">Histolog&iacute;a</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Invasi&oacute;n</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Invasi&oacute;n</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>-</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>-</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>-</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>Invasi&oacute;n perineural</CENTER>  </TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>vascular y</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>vascular y</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>  </TR>    <TR>  <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER>perineural</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <CENTER>perineural</CENTER>  </TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>    <TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">&nbsp;</TD>  </TR>  </TABLE></CENTER>        <CENTER>E: Receptores estrog&eacute;nicos; P: Receptores de progesterona.</CENTER>        <CENTER>* PAAF: Punci&oacute;n aspirativa con aguja fina.</CENTER>  &nbsp;      <BR>&nbsp;  <H4>  DISCUSI&Oacute;N</H4>  El carcinoma de mama en el var&oacute;n es una afecci&oacute;n rara; series  cortas se publican en la literatura y es la serie personal m&aacute;s importante  la publicada por <I>Salvadori<SUP>9</SUP></I> de 170 casos; el resto se  trata de estudios multic&eacute;ntricos.<SUP>11,15,16,19,21</SUP> Nuestro  aporte consta de 7 carcinomas correspondientes a 6 enfermos y que supone  el 1,16 % de los c&aacute;nceres de mama tratados en nuestro hospital,  muy similar al observado por <I>S&aacute;nchez de Vega </I>y otros<SUP>23</SUP>  y que se ajusta a la media recogida en la literatura.<SUP>1-6</SUP>        <P>M&uacute;ltiples estudios tratan de correlacionar el c&aacute;ncer de  mama en el var&oacute;n con diversos factores; en nuestra serie aparece  un paciente con un antecedente familiar importante (2 hermanas fallecidas  de c&aacute;ncer de mama); con una incidencia del 10 % reportada por <I>El  Hajjan</I><SUP>3</SUP> en su serie personal; 2 casos entre los 170 c&aacute;nceres  de mama en el var&oacute;n tratados por <I>Salvadori</I><SUP>9</SUP> que  supone el 1,2 %, y series muy peque&ntilde;as la mayor&iacute;a, con oscilaciones  tan amplias como del 5 al 66 % que se reportan en las revisiones bibliogr&aacute;ficas  realizadas por <I>D'Avaro</I><SUP> 24</SUP> y <I>Hanlo.</I><SUP>25</SUP>  Otro paciente mostraba un traumatismo 1 a&ntilde;o antes sobre una ginecomastia;  ambos procesos fueron ampliamente descritos en la literatura, <SUP>3,7,11,25-28</SUP>  y fue la ginecomastia para algunos autores <SUP>11,28</SUP> uno de los  principales factores de retraso en la consulta y por tanto el peor pron&oacute;stico  que para algunos tiene el carcinoma de mama en el var&oacute;n respecto  al femenino. Otros posibles factores de riesgo son la obesidad,<SUP>3</SUP>  mutaciones en el gen BRCA-2 en el cromosoma 13q <SUP>29</SUP> y la sobreexpresi&oacute;n  del gen supresor P-53 en el 40,4 % de la serie de <I>Anelli</I>.<SUP>1</SUP>        <P>La localizaci&oacute;n m&aacute;s frecuente ha sido la mama derecha,  aunque en la literatura m&eacute;dica encontramos una distribuci&oacute;n  equilibrada en ambas mama,<SUP>3,11</SUP> excepto <I>Salvadori</I><SUP>9</SUP>  y <I>Rudan</I><SUP>30 </SUP>que hallaron un predominio en la mama izquierda.  La bilateralidad publicada por algunos autores,<SUP>11</SUP> se da en uno  de nuestros pacientes (16,6 %).        <P>El n&oacute;dulo mamario es el motivo de consulta m&aacute;s frecuente,<SUP>2,4,9</SUP>  como ocurri&oacute; en todos nuestros casos, bien como &uacute;nico signo  (4 de 6) o bien asociado con retracci&oacute;n del pez&oacute;n (2 de 6),  y que coincide con la experiencia publicada por <I>Stierer</I><SUP>11</SUP>  o asociado con ginecomastia.<SUP>28</SUP> La telorrea, que no ha aparecido  en nuestra serie, se ha apuntado como otro motivo de consulta frecuente.<SUP>2,7,9</SUP>  Otra forma de presentaci&oacute;n que ensombrece mucho el pron&oacute;stico  es el ganglio axilar sin tumor mamario palpable; los 7 que recoge <I>Jackson</I><SUP>31</SUP>  murieron de enfermedad metast&aacute;sica.        <P>El diagn&oacute;stico se basa, al igual que en la mujer, principalmente  en la mamograf&iacute;a y la PAAF, mientras que la primera con menor sensibilidad  que en la mujer,<SUP>11</SUP> la segunda con similar sensibilidad;<SUP>26,32-34</SUP>  sin embargo, la edad media del diagn&oacute;stico es 10 a&ntilde;os superior  a la mujer, <SUP>2,3,6-8,11,15,22,28</SUP> 60 a&ntilde;os en nuestra serie  contra los 52 a&ntilde;os de media en el c&aacute;ncer de mama femenino,  lo que se justifica por el retraso en el diagn&oacute;stico al identificarse  el c&aacute;ncer de mama como una enfermedad ligada al sexo femenino, y  es esta demora lo que condiciona la mayor tasa de estadios III- IV en el  var&oacute;n,<SUP>2-4 </SUP>circunstancia que curiosamente no se ha dado  en nuestra serie, ni tampoco en algunas series consultadas.<SUP>30</SUP>        <P>Podemos deducir de todo ello, que el peor pron&oacute;stico que se le  achaca al carcinoma de mama en el var&oacute;n,<SUP>7,16,18 </SUP>no es  sino la consecuencia de diagn&oacute;sticos m&aacute;s tard&iacute;os,  y es de similar pron&oacute;stico al femenino cuando se tratan similares  estadios.<SUP>10,11,13,17,35</SUP>        ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P>Este retraso diagn&oacute;stico y el escaso volumen de la mama masculina  propicia la mayor precocidad en la infiltraci&oacute;n del m&uacute;sculo  pectoral mayor, lo que condiciona la pr&aacute;ctica de la mastectom&iacute;a  radical de Halsted en un alto porcentaje de pacientes, 16,6 % en nuestra  serie, 22 % para <I>El Hajjam, </I><SUP>3 </SUP>54,1 % en la serie de <I>Salvadori</I><SUP>9</SUP>  y 100 % en la serie de <I>S&aacute;nchez de Vega</I>.<SUP>23</SUP> Es obvio  que cuando se pueda conservar el m&uacute;sculo pectoral mayor, es la mastectom&iacute;a  radical modificada la t&eacute;cnica de elecci&oacute;n como ocurri&oacute;  en nuestra serie, donde se contabilizaron muy pocos casos de cirug&iacute;a  conservadora (cuadrantectom&iacute;a, tumorrectom&iacute;a), porque como  apunta <I>S&aacute;nchez de la Vega</I><SUP>23</SUP> la frecuente afectaci&oacute;n  del m&uacute;sculo pectoral mayor obliga frecuentemente a una mayor radicalidad.        <P>Al igual que ocurrio en nuestra serie, la mayor&iacute;a de los autores  preconizan la terapia coadyuvante con radioterapia,<SUP>5</SUP> quimioterapia  general<SUP>5</SUP> o regional <SUP>36</SUP> u hormonoterapia con tamoxifeno,  cuando los receptores estrog&eacute;nicos son positivos con una respuesta  del 90 %.<SUP>4</SUP>        <P>Partiendo del 66,6 % de estadios I-II, tenemos una supervivencia de  66,6 % libres de enfermedad, con un seguimiento de 7,5,5 y 5 a&ntilde;os  respectivamente. <I>Salvadori</I> <SUP>9</SUP> tiene una supervivencia  de 73 % a 5 a&ntilde;os, <I>Ciato</I><SUP>16</SUP> de 65 %, <I>Stierer</I><SUP>11</SUP>  el 62 %, <I>Nage</I> <SUP>4</SUP> el 66 % y <I>Borge</I><SUP>10</SUP> el  68 %, que al desglosarlos seg&uacute;n estadio supone el 70 % para N0 y  15 % para N1.        <P>Nos encontramos pues, con una neoplasia que teniendo un relativo buen  pron&oacute;stico en el sexo femenino, se ensombrece algo en el var&oacute;n,  debido, especialmente, a diagn&oacute;sticos m&aacute;s tard&iacute;os  al no estar tan sensibilizados a la posibilidad de esta neoplasia en el  var&oacute;n, pero excepto en este aspecto hallamos una gran coincidencia  en los factores de riesgo, enfoque diagn&oacute;stico, planteamiento terap&eacute;utico,  etc.; ello exige una mayor concientizaci&oacute;n de m&eacute;dicos y poblaci&oacute;n  en general acerca de una afecci&oacute;n rara, pero posible, que basa su  buen pron&oacute;stico en el diagn&oacute;stico precoz.      <BR>&nbsp;      <BR>&nbsp;  <H4>  SUMMARY</H4>  Male breast carcinoma is very uncommon (0.1% of all the male cancers),  which makes us have later diagnosis that darken the prognosis. A series  of 7 breast carcinomas in 6 males with a mean age of 60 years (47-72 years  old) and with a mean time between the first symptom and the operation of  14.3 months (5 to 30 months) is presented. The stages were as follows:  I(1), II(3). III(1) and IV(1). The histopathological study showed 6 infiltrating  ductal carcinomas: l multicenter and l intraductal (multicenter). 54 patients  were treated with modified radical mastectomy (3 with Patey's operation  and 2 with Madden's operation). The patient with bilateral carcinoma underwent  Halsted's radical mastectomy in the left breast and simple tumorectomy  plus axilary lymphadenectomy in the right. 5 patients received coadjuvant  treatment: 2, chemotherapy; l, radiotherapy; 1, chemotherapy plus radiotherapy;  and 1, hormone therapy. The sixth patient died 9 days after the operation  due to end-stage disseminated disease and the other died from metastatic  disease 3,5 years later. The other 4 survive free of disease at 7, 5.5,  and 5 years. The diagnostic and therapeutic aspects are analyzed through  a wide bibliographic review and it is concluded that it is a neoplasia  with similar characteristics and prognosis in both sexes. However, results  are poorer in males due to the delay in making the diagnosis compared with  females.        <P><I>Subject headings</I>: BREAST NEOPLASM, MALE/diagnosis; BREAST NEOPLASM,  MALE/surgery.      <BR>&nbsp;      <BR>&nbsp;  <H4>  REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGR&Aacute;FICAS</H4>    <OL>      <!-- ref --><LI>  Anelli A, Anelli TFM, Youngson B, Rosen PP, Borgen PI. Mutations of the  p53 Gene in Male breast Cancer. Cancer 1995;75:2233-8.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Fern&aacute;ndez Chac&oacute;n de Lucas C, Alonso Mu&ntilde;oz A, Garc&iacute;a  Yanez A. C&aacute;ncer de mama del var&oacute;n: revisi&oacute;n de 49  pacientes. Oncolog&iacute;a 1991;14:68-72.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  El Hajjam M, Khaiz D, Benider A. Cancer du sein chez l'homme. A propos  de 50 observations. J Chir 1995;132:131-6.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Nagel M, Holtkamp B, Hagmuller E, Saeger HD. Le cancer du sein chez l'homme.  J Chir 1993;130:300-3.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Ribeiro GG. Carcinoma of the male breast. A review of 200 cases. Br J Surg  1977;64:381-3.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Ulutin C, Gudeen M, Surankok S, Pak Y. Fifteen cases of male breast carcinoma  treated between 1980 and 1995. Radiol Med 1998;16(5):383-6.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Chantra PK, So GJ, Wollman JS, Basset LW. Mammography of the male breast.  Am J Roentgenol 1995;164:853-8.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Willsher PC, Leach IH, Ellis IO, Bourke JB, Blamey RW, Robertson JF. Am  J Surg 1997;173:185-8.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Salvadori B, Saccozzi R, Monzari A. Prognosis of breast cancer in male:  on analysis of 170 cases. Eur J Cancer 1994;30 A:930-5.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Borgen PI, Wong GY, Vlamir V. Current management of male breast cancer.  A review of 104 cases. Ann Surg 1992;215:451-9.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Stierer M, Rosen H, Weitensfelder W. Male breast cancer: Austrian experience:  World J Surg 1995;19:687-93.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Carmalt HL, Mann LJ, Kennedy CW, Flatcher JM, Gillett DJ. Carcinoma of  the male breast: a review and recommendations for management. Anest NZJ  Surg 1998;68(10):712-5.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Willsher PC, Leach IH, Ellis IO, Boueke JB, Blamey RW, Robertson JF. A  comparison outcome of male breast cancer with female breast cancer. Am  J Surg 1997;173(3):185-8.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Borgen PI, Senie RT, McKinnon WM, Rosen PP. Carcinoma of the male breast:  analysis of prognosis compared with matched female patients. Ann Surg Oncol  1997;4(5):385-8.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Donegan WL. Redlich PN, Lang PJ, Gall MT. Carcinoma of the breast in males:  a multiinstitucional survey. Cancer 1998;83(3):498-509.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Ciatto S, Iossa A, Bonardi R, Pacini P. Male breast carcinoma: review of  a multicenter series of 150 cases. Tumori 1990;76:552-4.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Guinee VF, Olson H, Moller T, Challenberger RC, Blink JW, Peter Z. The  prognosis of breast cancer in males. Cancer, 1993;71:154-60.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Joshi MG, Lee AK, Loda M. Male breast carcinoma: an evaluation of prognostic  factors contributing to a poorer outcome. Cancer 1996;77:490-8.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Wick MR, Sayadi H, Titter DH. Low-stage carcinoma of the male breast. A  histologic, immunohistochemical, and flow cytometric comparison with localized  female breast carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 1999;111(1):59-69.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  D&iacute;az-Faes J. Carcinoma de mama del var&oacute;n. &iquest;Es la misma  enfermedad que el carcinoma de mama de la mujer?. Oncolog&iacute;a 1999;22(4):17-8.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Ravandi-Kasham F, Hayes TG. Male breast cancer: a review of the literature.  Eur J Cancer 1998;34(9):1341-7.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Gupta RK. Inmunoreactivity of prostate-specific antigen in male breast  carcinomas: two examples of a diagnostic pitfall in discriminating a primary  breast cancer from metastatic prostate carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol 1999;21(3):167-9.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  S&aacute;nchez de Vega DS, Mart&iacute;nez R, Mart&iacute;nez-Pi&ntilde;eiro  J, Tamames S. C&aacute;ncer de mama en el var&oacute;n. Cir Esp 1996;60:121-3.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  D'Avanzo B, La Vechia, C. Risk factors for male breast cancer. Br J Cancer  1995;71:1359-62.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Hanlo DM, Keut P, Kerin MJ, Given HF. Unilateral breast masses in men over  40: a diagnostic dilemma. Am J Surg 1995;170:24-6.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Donegan WL, Redlich PN. Breast cancer in men. Surg Clin North Am 1996;76:343-63.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Sasano H, Kimura M, Shizawa S, Kimura N, Nagura H. Aromatase and steroid  receptors in gynecomastia and male breast carcinoma: an immunohistochemical  study. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 1996;81:3063-7.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Volpe CM, Raffetto JD, Cellare DW, Hoover EL, Doerr RJ. Unilateral male  breast masses: cancer risk and evaluation and management. Am Surg 1999;65(3):250-3.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Thorlacius S, Tryggvadottir L, Olafsdottir GH. Linkage to BRCA-2 region  in heraditary male breast cancer. Lancet 1995;346:544-5.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Rudan I, Rudan N, Basic N, Basic V, Rudan R. Differences between male and  female breast cancer. II. Clinicopathologic features. Acta Med Croat 1997;51(3):129-33.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Rueda P&eacute;rez JM, Cabello Rodr&iacute;guez M, Somaza de Saint-Palais  M, et al. Carcinoma mamario apocrino bilateral en var&oacute;n. A prop&oacute;sito  de un caso y revisi&oacute;n de la literatura. Cir Esp 1994;55:72-4.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Jackson B, Scott-Conner C, Moulder J. Axillary metastasis from occult breast  carcinoma: diagnosis and management. Am Surg 1995;61:431-4.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Lilleng R, Paksay N, Vurol G, Langmark F, Hagmar B. Assessment of fine  needle aspiration cytology and histopathology for diagnosing male breast  masses. Acta Cytol 1995;39:877-81.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Das DK, Junaid TA, Mathews SB. Fine deedle aspiration cytology diagnosis  of male breast lesions. A study of 185 cases. Acta Cytol 1995;39:870-6.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Vetto J, Jun SY, Padduch D, Eppich H, Shih R. Stages at oresentation, prognostic  factors, and outcome of breast cancer in males. Am J Surg 1999;177(5):379-83.</LI>    <!-- ref --><LI>  Doughty JC, Mc Carter DH, Reid AW, Kane AW, Mc. Ardle CS. Treatment of  locally recurrent male breast cancer by regional chemotherapy. Br J Surg  1995;82:212-3.</LI>    </OL>  Recibido: 1ro. de febrero del 2000. Aprobado: 27 de abril de 2000.      <BR>Dr. <I>Jos&eacute; Aguilar Luque.</I> Servicio de Cirug&iacute;a General  y Digestiva. Hospital<FONT FACE="Arial Narrow,Arial"> "</FONT>U de Valme<FONT FACE="Arial Narrow,Arial">"</FONT>,  Carretera de C&aacute;diz s/n 41014, Sevilla, Espa&ntilde;a.      <BR>&nbsp;      <BR>&nbsp;  <DIR><A NAME="*"></A><SUP>1</SUP> Facultativo Especialista de &Aacute;rea.     <BR>   <SUP>2</SUP> M&eacute;dico Residente.     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<BR>   &nbsp;    <H5>&nbsp; </H5>   &nbsp;        <P>&nbsp; </DIR>         ]]></body><back>
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