<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7493</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Cirugía]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Cir]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7493</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-74932018000400010</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Cuidados de las fístulas traqueoesofágicas postintubación]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Care of the post-intubation tracheoesophageal fistulae]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuentes Valdés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edelberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario Hermanos Ameijeiras  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-74932018000400010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-74932018000400010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-74932018000400010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  Las fístulas traqueoesofágicas posintubación son lesiones graves que presentan alta frecuencia de complicaciones y mortalidad.  Objetivo: Actualizar el diagnóstico y tratamiento de pacientes con esta afección.  Método: Se revisó la literatura en PUBMED/Medline e Infomed con las palabras clave: fístula, traqueoesofágica, fístula traqueoesofágica, postintubación y las correspondientes en inglés. Se revisaron las referencias bibliográficas de los artículos en busca de publicaciones relevantes. Se escogieron, preferentemente, trabajos prospectivos. Los informes de casos sólo se tomaron en cuenta cuando hacían referencia a alguna técnica novedosa.  Desarrollo: Se encontraron 4260 artículos en Medline/Pubmed y 17 en Infomed. No se encontraron ensayos clínicos, metanálisis, ni revisiones sistemáticas. La mayoría de los artículos revisados hacen referencia a presentación de casos y algunos fueron estudios retrospectivos. Las presentaciones de casos se usaron solo si describían una técnica novedosa.  Conclusiones: La intubación endotraqueal prolongada es la causa principal de FTEs. La patogenia se asocia con isquemia secundaria a compresión de las paredes traqueal posterior yesofágica anterior, entre el manguito insuflado del tubo endotraqueal y la sonda nasogástrica. El tratamiento conservador, generalmente, no cura la fístula, pero puede limitar la contaminación del árbol traqueobronquial y garantiza la nutrición. La derivación esofágica raramente está indicada, excepto cuando persiste entrada a la VR del contenido gastrointestinal. Actualmente, el tratamiento definitivo es la sutura esofágica y, en la mayoría de los casos, la resección y anastomosis traqueal.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  Post-intubation tracheoesophageal fistulae are severe lesions with high frequency of complication and high rate of mortality.  Objective:  To update the knowledge about the diagnosis and treatment of patients with this disease.  Method:  Literature review made in PUBMEDF/Medline and Infomed using the keywords: fistula, traqueoesophageal, tracheoesophageal fistula, and post-intubation in Spanish and English. References of articles were also reviewed to find out relevant publications. Prospective papers were particularly chosen. The case reports were only taken into account when they made reference to some novel technique.  Results:  In this search, 4260 articles were found in Medline/Pubmed and 17 in Infomed databases. No clinical assays, meta-analysis or systematic reviews were found. Most of the articles made reference to case reports and some to retrospective studies. The case reports were only used if they described a novel technique.  Conclusions:  Prolonged endotracheal intubation is the main cause of traqueoesophageal fistula. The pathogeny is associated to ischemia secondary to compression of posterior tracheal wall and anterior esophageal wall between the inflated cuff of the endotracheal tube and the nasogastric probe. In general, the conservative treatment does not cure the fistula but may restrict contamination of the tracheobronchial tree and guarantee nutrition. The esophageal shunt is rarely indicated, except when the gastrointestinal content continues entering into the VR. At present, the definitive treatment is the esophageal suturing and in most of cases, the resection and tracheal anastomosis.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fístula]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[traqueoesofágica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fístula traqueoesofágica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[postintubación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fistula]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tracheoesophageal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tracheoesophageal fistula]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[post-intubation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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