<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7507</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Estomatología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Estomatol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7507</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-75072021000400001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Negative maxillary transverse discrepancy and cephalometric lateral differences according to the width of upper arch]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Discrepancia negativa transversal del maxilar y diferencias cefalométricas laterales según el ancho de la arcada superior]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Menéndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michele]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perdomo Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lauren]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdés Massó]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,aff1  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,aff2  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,aff3  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-75072021000400001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-75072021000400001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-75072021000400001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  Negative maxillary transverse discrepancy is not exclusive to narrow upper arch. The transverse discrepancy due to maxillary deficiency is well described, but this is not the case when the maxilla displays adequate dimensions and the origin of the problem is an excess of mandibular width.  Objective:  To describe the cephalometric characteristics of negative maxillary transverse discrepancy present in narrow upper arches with those of normal or increased width.  Methods:  An observational and cross-sectional study was carried out in records of patients with negative maxillary transverse discrepancy. The cases referred to the maxillofacial surgery department at Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico &#8220;Hermanos Ameijeiras&#8221; between January 2016 and January 2020 were selected. The initial study models were measured and two groups were formed: those with a distance between central fossae of 16 to 26, less than 47 mm and the other with equal or greater values. Lateral cephalometric analysis of Ricketts, McNamara, Björk &amp; Jarabak, Burstone and soft profile were performed on the initial teleradiographs. Using the Mann Whitney U test of independent samples, measurements with statistically significant differences between both groups were selected. (p &lt;0.05).  Results:  Significant differences were found regarding the cranial-mandibular relationship, mandibular anatomy, maxillo-mandibular relationship and occlusal relationship. The most important differences observed in each group were respectively: S-Ar / Ar-Go ratio (p = 0.033), mandibular body length (p = 0.01), mandibular-maxillary difference (p = 0.003) and overjet (p = 0.043).  Conclusions:  In the studied patients, negative maxillary transverse discrepancy has the same probability of presenting a wide or in norm upper arch, as well as a narrow arch. In the first case, it is more likely to find jaws with increased body length, a skeletal class III pattern and a concave profile; in the second case, the tendency is to present small jaws with increased articular angle and dental overjet.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  La discrepancia negativa transversal del maxilar no es exclusiva de una arcada superior angosta. La discrepancia transversal por deficiencia maxilar está bien descrita, pero no ocurre así cuando el maxilar se presenta con dimensiones adecuadas y el origen del problema es un exceso del ancho mandibular.  Objetivo:  Describir las diferencias cefalométricas de la discrepancia negativa transversal del maxilar que presentan arcadas superiores estrechas con aquellas de ancho normal o incrementado. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, de corte transversal, en expedientes de pacientes con discrepancia negativa transversal del maxilar. Se seleccionaron los casos que acudieron entre enero del 2016 y enero del 2020 a la consulta de cirugía maxilofacial del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico &#8220;Hermanos Ameijeiras&#8221;. Se midieron los modelos de estudio iniciales y se conformaron dos grupos: aquellos con distancia entre fosas centrales de 16-26, menor de 47 mm y el otro con valores iguales o superiores. Se realizaron análisis cefalométricos laterales en las telerradiografías iniciales de Ricketts, McNamara, Björk &amp; Jarabak, Burstone y perfil blando. Por medio de la prueba U de Mann Whitney de muestras independientes, se seleccionaron las mediciones con diferencias estadísticas significativas entre ambos grupos (p &lt; 0.05).  Resultados:  Se encontraron diferencias significativas concernientes a la relación cráneo mandibular, anatomía mandibular, relación máxilo mandibular y relación oclusal. Las diferencias observadas más importantes de cada grupo fueron respectivamente: relación S-Ar/Ar-Go (p = 0,033), longitud del cuerpo mandibular (p = 0,01), diferencia mandibular-maxilar (p = 0,003) y resalte (p = 0,043).  Conclusiones:  En los pacientes estudiados, las discrepancias negativas transversales tienen la misma probabilidad de presentarse con la arcada superior ancha o en norma, que angosta. En los primeros es más probable encontrar mandíbulas con longitud del cuerpo incrementada, patrón de clase III esquelética y perfil cóncavo; en los segundos, la tendencia es a presentar mandíbulas pequeñas con ángulo articular y resalte dentario aumentados.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[posterior crossbite]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[maxillary hypoplasia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mandibular transversal excess, orthognathic surgery.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mordida cruzada posterior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hipoplasia maxilar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[exceso transversal mandibular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cirugía ortognática.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leonardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lo Giudice]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rugeri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muraglie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cordasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Three-dimensional evaluation on digital casts of maxillary palatal size and morphology in patients with functional posterior crossbite]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Orthodontics]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alleman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinbacher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Width and Transverse Problems. In: Steinbacher DM, editor. Aesthetic Orthognathic Surgery and Rhinoplasty]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>145-73</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Connecticut, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Wiley-Blackwell]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McNamaraa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maxillary transverse deficiency]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>117</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>556-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Clerck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Proffit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Growth modification of the face: A current perspective with emphasis on Class III treatment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>148</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of transverse relationships between maxillary arch, mouth, and face on smile esthetics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Angle Orthodontist]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitsugi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hirose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tatemoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Combination of Mandibular Constriction and Intraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotomies for a Transverse Jaw Discrepancy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alexander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bloomquist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wallen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stability of mandibular constriction with a symphyseal osteotomy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bloomquist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mandibular narrowing: advantage in transverse problems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayoral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayoral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Principios fundamentales y prácticas]]></source>
<year>1971</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Labor, S.A.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gregoret]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tuber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escobar P]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matos da Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ortodoncia y cirugía ortognática]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ESPAXS S.A.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cranial base characteristics in anteroposterior malocclusions: A meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Angle Orthodontist]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasebe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamaguchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakawaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hikita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katayama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of condylar size among different anteroposterior and vertical skeletal patterns using cone-beam computed tomography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Angle Orthodontist]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kajii]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fujita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sakaguchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shimada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Osseous changes of the mandibular condyle affect backward-rotation of the mandibular ramus in Angle Class II orthodontic patients with idiopathic condylar resorption of the temporomandibular joint.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CRANIO®]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Otsuka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akimoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vertical facial height and its correlation with facial width and depth: Three dimensional cone beam computed tomography evaluation based on dry skulls]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International journal of stomatology &amp; occlusion medicine]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Awad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaballah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomaa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relationship between cranial base and jaw base in different skeletal patterns]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Orthodontic Waves]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farheen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mubassar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The assessment of resting tongue posture in different sagittal skeletal patterns]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>24</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
