<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7531</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Pediatría]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Pediatr]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7531</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias MédicasEditorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-75312020000400004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Infección tuberculosa latente en niños de riesgo]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Latent tuberculosis infection in children at risk]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abreu-Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gladys]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portuondo-Leyva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Reyna]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plascencia-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mesa-Pozo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maray]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chall-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elsi]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cazorla-Artiles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nancy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario Pediátrico Centro Habana Centro de Referencia Nacional de Tuberculosis infantil ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guadalajara Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-75312020000400004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-75312020000400004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-75312020000400004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  En países de baja prevalencia la mayoría de los casos de tuberculosis se deben a reactivación de infección tuberculosa latente.  Objetivo:  Examinar la incidencia de infección tuberculosa latente en niños pertenecientes a grupos vulnerables a la tuberculosis.  Métodos:  Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo en 85 menores de 19 años asintomáticos, 68 pertenecientes a algunos grupos vulnerables a la tuberculosis atendidos en el Hospital Pediátrico Centro Habana y en el Instituto de Oncología y Radiobiología y un grupo control de 17 adolescentes sanos, provenientes de la Escuela de Enfermería de la Facultad Calixto García, periodo abril-junio 2016. A todos se les realizó examen clínico, evaluación nutricional, radiología torácica y prueba de tuberculina.  Resultados:  De los 85 estudiados, 41 padecían enfermedades crónicas: 12 diabéticos, 11tenían enfermedad del colágeno, 9 enfermedad renal crónica y 9 enfermedades oncológicas. Todos tenían más de un año de evolución y recibían medicación inmunosupresora (excepto los diabéticos). De los 44 restantes, 27 tuvieron contacto estrecho y frecuente con enfermo de tuberculosis. Predominaron los niños &#8805; 10 años (64; 75,3 %), del sexo femenino (49; 57,6 %). Todos estaban vacunados con BCG, con radiografías torácicas normales. Se detectó infección tuberculosa latente en 6 (7,0 %); todos habían estado en contacto con un enfermo.  Conclusiones:  Existe una baja incidencia de infección tuberculosa latente en los grupos vulnerables estudiados. Los niños en contacto con enfermos son los únicos afectados, lo que puede estar relacionado con la baja tasa de tuberculosis en Cuba y las rápidas acciones de control.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  Most of the tuberculosis cases in countries with low prevalence of it are due to a reactivation of the latent tuberculosis infection.  Objective:  To examine the incidence of the latent tuberculosis infection in children of groups vulnerable to tuberculosis.  Methods:  It was conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study in 85 asymptomatic children under 19 years, 68 of them from some groups vulnerable to tuberculosis that were attended in Centro Habana Pediatric Hospital and in the Oncology and Radiobiology Institute; and a control group of 17 healthy adolescents from the Nursing School of &#8220;Calixto García&#8221; Faculty, in the period April-June, 2016. All patients underwent a physical examination, nutritional assessment, thoracic radiology and tuberculin test.  Results:  From the 85 patients studied, 41 suffered chronic diseases: 12 diabetics, 11 had collagen disease, 9 had chronic renal disease and other 9 have oncologic diseases. All patients had an evolution of more than one year and were receiving immunosuppressive medication (except from the diabetics). From the other 44 patients, 27 had close or frequent contact with a tuberculosis patient. There was predominance of children &#8805; 10 (64; 75,3 %) of the female sex (49; 57,6 %). All of them were vaccinated with BCG and had normal thoracic radiographies. It was detected latent tuberculosis infection in 6 patients (7,0 %); all of them had had contact with a tuberculosis sufferer.  Conclusions:  There is low incidence of latent tuberculosis infection in the studied vulnerable groups. Children having contact with tuberculosis sufferers are the only affected, which can be related with the low rate of tuberculosis in Cuba and the fast control actions.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[infección tuberculosa latente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[eliminación de la tuberculosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[grupos vulnerables a la tuberculosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[latent tuberculosis infection]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tuberculosis elimination]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[groups vulnerable to tuberculosis]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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