<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7531</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Pediatría]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Pediatr]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7531</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias MédicasEditorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-75312022000300012</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Diferentes formas de presentación de la anemia megaloblástica en el lactante]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Different forms of presentation of megaloblastic anemia in the infant]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lianet]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Núñez García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aray]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López González-Molleda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julio César]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Pediátrico Docente &#8220;William Soler&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital de Rehabilitación &#8220;Julio Díaz&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-75312022000300012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-75312022000300012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-75312022000300012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  La anemia megalobástica es un trastorno madurativo de los precursores eritroides y mieloides causado por déficit de vitamina B12, ácido fólico, o ambos. Es poco común en la infancia y su prevalencia se desconoce por ser una enfermedad poco frecuente.  Objetivo:  Describir diferentes formas de presentación de la anemia megaloblástica en el lactante.  Presentación de casos:  Se presentan dos casos de lactantes, en el caso 1 la madre tuvo una alimentación precaria durante el embarazo y la lactancia, prolongó la lactancia materna exclusiva más de 6 meses. La paciente comenzó a perder las habilidades ganadas en el desarrollo psicomotor y presentó trastornos neurológicos graves, por lo que se consideró que se trataba de una enfermedad progresiva del sistema nervioso central. En el caso 2, en el que se prolongó la lactancia materna exclusiva, apareció trombocitopenia, por lo que se sospechó una enfermedad hematológica maligna.  Resultados:  En ambos casos después de realizar diversas pruebas para descartar enfermedades neurológicas (caso 1) y enfermedades hematológicas (caso 2) se diagnosticó anemia megaloblástica por déficit de vitamina B12 por disminución en la ingesta y una reserva limítrofe en la madre que lacta. En ambos casos los síntomas desaparecieron con el tratamiento vitamínico sustitutivo.  Conclusiones:  En el lactante la anemia megaloblástica se puede presentar de diferentes formas clínicas a pesar de tener la misma causa, un déficit en la ingesta y una reserva escasa de la madre durante el embarazo y lactancia.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  Megaloblastic anemia is a maturing disorder of the erythroid and myeloid precursors caused by deficiency of vitamin B12, folic acid, or both. It is uncommon in childhood and its prevalence is unknown because it is a rare disease.  Objective:  To describe different forms of presentation of megaloblastic anemia in infants.  Presentation of cases:  Two cases of infants are presented, in case 1 the mother had a precarious diet during pregnancy and lactation, and prolonged exclusive breastfeeding more than 6 months. The patient began to lose the skills gained in psychomotor development and presented severe neurological disorders, so it was considered that it was a progressive disease of the central nervous system. In case 2, in which exclusive breastfeeding was prolonged, thrombocytopenia appeared, so a malignant hematological disease was suspected.  Results:  In both cases, after performing various tests to rule out neurological diseases (case 1) and hematological diseases (case 2), megaloblastic anemia was diagnosed due to vitamin B12 deficiency due to a decrease in intake and a borderline reserve in the breastfeeding mother. In both cases the symptoms disappeared with vitamin replacement therapy.  Conclusions:  In the infant, megaloblastic anemia can occur in different clinical ways despite having the same cause, a deficit in intake and a low reserve of the mother during pregnancy and lactation.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[anemia megaloblástica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[deficiencia de vitamina B12]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[manifestaciones neurológicas y hematológicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[megaloblastic anemia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vitamin B12 deficiency]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[neurological and hematological manifestations]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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