<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0138-6557</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cub Med Mil]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0138-6557</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias MédicasEditorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0138-65572019000100013</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Consideraciones teóricas sobre la perspectiva ecológica-evolutiva del cáncer]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Theoretical considerations on the ecological-evolutionary perspective of cancer]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Cala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Armando Ernesto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benítez Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edgar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dominica Esteris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yelina de la Caridad]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Militar "Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany"  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santiago de Cuba ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0138-65572019000100013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0138-65572019000100013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0138-65572019000100013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El cáncer constituye un serio problema de salud a nivel mundial. La introducción de una perspectiva ecológica y evolutiva de las neoplasias malignas tiene como propósito un enfoque más sistémico y objetivo a la naturaleza de este heterogéneo grupo de enfermedades. Con el objetivo de un acercamiento a las ideas más generalizadas existentes en la actualidad sobre la perspectiva ecológica-evolutiva del cáncer, se realizó la presente revisión. El cáncer es un fenómeno universal que afecta a todas las formas de organismos pluricelulares. El riesgo de desarrollar tumores malignos se encuentra estrechamente relacionado con los patrones de historias de vida trazados por el proceso evolutivo, acorde a la necesidad adaptativa de los organismos a los diferentes nichos ecológicos que ocupan. Existe asociación entre el desarrollo evolutivo de mecanismos protectores contra tumores malignos y el costo evolutivo de estos en términos de éxito reproductivo. El éxito reproductivo parece depender del tamaño corporal, la distribución de energía hacia procesos básicos y el riesgo basal de cáncer. La selección natural favorece mecanismos efectivos, que protejan contra el cáncer siempre que permitan una optimización de otros rasgos que determinen el éxito adaptativo. Las conclusiones derivadas de estos principios ecológicos y evolutivos, deben servir para una mejor caracterización de los factores dependientes tanto de los factores biológicos como de los ambientales que influyen en el riesgo de la carcinogénesis. Más del 90 % del incremento del riesgo basal de cáncer, incluso en especies naturales, obedecen a la actividad humana, y por tanto, pueden ser modificables.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Cancer is a serious health problem worldwide. The introduction of an ecological and evolutionary perspective of malignant neoplasms is aimed at a more systemic and objective approach to the nature of this heterogeneous group of diseases. This paper will review current thinking in the ecological-evolutionary perspective of cancer. Cancer is a universal phenomenon that affects all forms of multicellular organisms. The risk of developing malignant tumors closely associates to the patterns of life histories traced by the evolutionary process according to the adaptive need of organisms to the different ecological niches they occupy. There is an association between the evolutionary development of protective mechanisms against malignant tumors and their evolutionary cost in terms of reproductive success. The later seems to depend on body size, distribution of energy towards basic processes and basal risk of cancer. Natural selection favors effective mechanisms that protect against cancer if they allow optimization of other traits that determine adaptive success. These ecological and evolutionary principles allow concluding that they should serve to better characterize the factors depending on both biological and environmental factors that influence the risk of carcinogenesis. More than 90% of the increase in cancer basal risk, even in natural species, is due to human activity, and therefore, modification is possible.]]></p></abstract>
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<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[carcinogénesis evolutiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[paradoja de Peto]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[teorías de historias de vida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ecología del cáncer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[evolutionary carcinogenesis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Peto´s paradox]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[life history theory]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cancer ecology]]></kwd>
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