<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0252-8584</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Economía y Desarrollo]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Econ. y Desarrollo]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0252-8584</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Dirección de Publicaciones Académicas de la Universidad de La Habana (Editorial UH) ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0252-85842021000100007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El dilema de la transición del capitalismo al socialismo. Entre la propuesta global de Marx y la visión teórico-práctica de Lenin]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Dilemma of the Transition from Capitalism to Socialism. Between Marx's Global Proposal and Lenin's Theoretical-practical Vision]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rafuls Pineda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de la Habana Facultad de Filosofía e Historia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>165</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0252-85842021000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0252-85842021000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0252-85842021000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El artículo presenta una revisión crítica de algunas de las tesis más difundidas sobre los inicios de la transición al socialismo, enarboladas a partir de postulados esenciales desarrollados por Marx, Engels y Lenin, para explicar cuestiones teóricas generales y mecanismos específicos que deberían conducir a la superación del capitalismo. La propuesta intenta rescatar el derrotero teórico-metodológico que, en sus dimensiones más globales, podrían seguir algunos países a partir de contextos nacionales de poco desarrollo, luego de una revolución política que no fuera consecuencia directa del freno que las relaciones de producción han impuesto al nivel de desarrollo de las fuerzas productivas -que caben, potencialmente, dentro del modo de producción capitalista-, sino de los conflictos generados por la imposibilidad de los gobernantes de conducir los proyectos sociales y la capacidad de los gobernados de aprovechar las situaciones revolucionarias, tal como ocurrió en Rusia y hasta en Cuba.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The article presents a critical review of some of the most widespread theses on the beginnings of the transition to socialism, based on essential postulates developed by Marx, Engels and Lenin, to explain general theoretical issues and specific mechanisms that should lead to the overcoming of capitalism. The proposal attempts to rescue the theoretical-methodological course which, in its most global dimensions, some countries could follow from national contexts of little development, after a political revolution which was not a direct consequence of the brake which the relations of production have imposed on the level of development of the productive forces - which potentially fit into the capitalist mode of production - but from the conflicts generated by the impossibility of the rulers to conduct the social projects and the capacity of the governed to take advantage of revolutionary situations, as occurred in Russia and even in Cuba.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[capitalismo de estado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[período de transición del capitalismo al socialismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[revolución política]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[transición al comunismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[state capitalism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[period of transition from capitalism to socialism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[political revolution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[transition to communism]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Engels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Carta a Bebel, marzo de 1875]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marx]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Engels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Obras escogidas en tres tomos]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<page-range>28-34</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Moscú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Progreso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El Estado y la revolución]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Obras completas]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<page-range>1-124</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Moscú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Progreso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El marxismo y el Estado]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Obras completas]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<page-range>127-332</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Moscú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Progreso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Se sostendrán los bolcheviques en el poder]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Obras completas]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<page-range>297-348</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Moscú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Progreso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[III Congreso de los soviets de diputados obreros]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Obras completas]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<page-range>269-399</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Moscú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Progreso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las tareas inmediatas del poder soviético]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Obras completas]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<page-range>169-214</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Moscú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Progreso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acerca del infantilismo &#8220;izquierdista&#8221; y del espíritu pequeño burgués]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Obras completas]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<page-range>291-324</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Moscú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Progreso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Un saludo a los obreros húngaros]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Obras completas]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<page-range>409-13</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Moscú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Progreso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Una gran iniciativa]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Obras completas]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<page-range>5-31</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Moscú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Progreso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Economía y política en la época de la dictadura del proletariado]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Obras completas]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<page-range>281-92</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Moscú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Progreso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[De la destrucción de un régimen secular a la creación de otro nuevo]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Obras completas]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<page-range>328-30</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Moscú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Progreso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La enfermedad infantil del &#8220;izquierdismo&#8221; en el comunismo]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Obras completas]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<page-range>1-108</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Moscú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Progreso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Informe sobre la sustitución del sistema de contingentación por el impuesto en especie]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Obras completas]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<page-range>56-73</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Moscú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Progreso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Informe del 17 de octubre de 1921 al II Congreso Nacional de los Comités de Instrucción política]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Obras completas]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<page-range>162-82</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Moscú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Progreso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La política interior y exterior de la república. Informe al IX Congreso de los soviets de toda Rusia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Obras completas]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<page-range>301-40</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Moscú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Progreso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marx]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[. Engels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El Manifiesto del Partido Comunista]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marx]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Engels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Obras escogidas en dos tomos]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<page-range>20-51</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Moscú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Progreso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marx]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prólogo de la contribución a la crítica de la economía política]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marx]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Engels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Obras completas en dos tomos]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<page-range>339-43</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Moscú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Progreso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marx]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Glosas marginales al programa del Partido Obrero Alemán (Crítica al Programa de Gotha)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marx]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Engels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Obras escogidas en tres tomos]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<page-range>9-27</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Moscú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Progreso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
