<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0252-8584</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Economía y Desarrollo]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Econ. y Desarrollo]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0252-8584</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Dirección de Publicaciones Académicas de la Universidad de La Habana (Editorial UH) ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0252-85842021000300005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Finanzas internacionales en el último medio siglo: del fin del patrón oro a la permanente inestabilidad e incertidumbre]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[International Finance in the Last Half-century: From the End of the Gold Standard to Permanent Instability and Uncertainty]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mercedes]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de La Habana Centro Investigaciones de la Economía Internacional (CIEI) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>165</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0252-85842021000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0252-85842021000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0252-85842021000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN En el presente trabajo se analiza cómo en las cinco décadas transcurridas desde que entró en crisis el sistema monetario internacional de Bretton Woods tuvieron lugar importantes transformaciones en las finanzas internacionales asociadas a procesos de liberalización, integración, titularización e innovación financiera. Como resultado, el panorama monetario financiero se caracteriza, esencialmente, por elevados niveles de desregulación e interconexión de los mercados de valores, monetarios y crediticios; gran magnitud y dinamismo de la actividad de las instituciones y agentes que operan en ellos y una persistente volatilidad de las tasas de interés, los tipos de cambio, los índices bursátiles y el acceso al financiamiento. En ese ambiente, un rasgo distintivo es el riesgo permanente de perturbaciones y crisis y la consecuente incertidumbre que domina el mercado.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This paper analyzes how, in the five decades since the Bretton Woods international monetary system went into crisis, important transformations have taken place in international finance associated with processes of liberalization, integration, securitization and financial innovation. As a result, the monetary and financial landscape is essentially characterized by high levels of deregulation and interconnection of the securities, money and credit markets; great magnitude and dynamism of the activity of the institutions and agents operating in them; and persistent volatility of interest rates, exchange rates, stock market indexes and access to financing. In this environment, a distinctive feature is the permanent risk of shocks and crises and the consequent uncertainty that dominates the market.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bancos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crisis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[deuda]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[divisas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mercados financieros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[riesgo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[banks]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[crisis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[debt]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[currencies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[financial markets]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[risk]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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