<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0252-8584</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Economía y Desarrollo]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Econ. y Desarrollo]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0252-8584</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Dirección de Publicaciones Académicas de la Universidad de La Habana (Editorial UH) ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0252-85842024000100003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Enfrentando los retos de la inserción externa de la economía cubana]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Facing the Challenges of the External Insertion of the Cuban Economy]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peña Castellanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lázaro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación de Economía Internacional  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>168</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0252-85842024000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0252-85842024000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0252-85842024000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El siguiente artículo es el tercero elaborado por el autor en el marco del proyecto del Centro de Investigaciones de Economía Internacional de La Universidad de La Habana referenciado como «Las relaciones económicas internacionales en la actualidad. Implicaciones para la inserción externa de Cuba». Los objetivos del presente artículo son tres: seleccionar una metodología para la práctica, tratar de medir la significación del sector externo para la economía del país y presentar propuestas guiadas a perfeccionar la inserción de la economía cubana en la economía global.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The following article is the third prepared by the author within the framework of the project of the International Economic Research Center of the University of Havana referenced as: "International Economic Relations today. Implications for the external insertion of Cuba&#8221;. The objective of this article is to address the problem of the external insertion of the Cuban economy in three ways: choosinga methodology for practice, the measurement of the significance of the external sector for the country's economy, and the presentation of proposals to improve the Cuban external insertion in global economy.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cadenas globales de valor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crecimiento económico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desarrollo local]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[economía cubana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[globalización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inserción externa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[global value chains]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economic growth]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[regional development. Cuban economy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[globalization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[external insertion.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arocena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sutz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Looking at National Systems of Innovation from the South]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Industry and Innovation]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>VII</numero>
<issue>VII</issue>
<page-range>55-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bulmer-Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Economic History of Latin America since Independence]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hendry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Modelling our Changing World]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Centro de Investigaciones de Economía Internacional (CIEI)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Propuestas para la inserción de la economía cubana en la economía internacional]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial UH]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Marchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gereffi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grandinetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Maria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. De]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gereffi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Local Cluster in Value Chain]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>35-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Maria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Marchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gereffi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Local Clusters and Global Value Chains]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ernst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Global Production Networks, Knowledge Diffusion, and Local Capability Formation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Industry and Innovation]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>IX</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fornahl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hassink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menzel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Broadening our Knowledge on Cluster Evolution]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gereffi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Organization of Buyer-Driven Global Commodity Chains]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gereffi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Korzeniewicz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<page-range>95-122</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jurowetzki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lema]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lundvall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Combining Innovation Systems and Global Value Chains for Development: Towards a Research Agenda]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krugman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Obstfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economía Internacional: Teoría y Política]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw Hill/Interamericana de España]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lagendijk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Learning from Conceptual flow in Regional Studies: Framing Present Debates, Unbracketing Past Debates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Regional Studies]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>IL</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>385-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lema]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rabellotti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gehl Sampath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Innovation Trajectories in Developing Countries: Co-evolution of Global Value Chains and Innovation Systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Springer Link]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>XXX</volume>
<page-range>345-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lundvall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. Å.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[National Systems of Innovation: Toward a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Anthem Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lundvall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. Å.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lema]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Growth and Structural Change in Africa: Development Strategies for the Learning Economy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sampath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oyelaran-Oyeyinka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sustainable Industrialization in Africa]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>113-38</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave Macmillan UK]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marquetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La crisis en el desarrollo económico de Cuba]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial CLACSO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marshall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Principles of Economics]]></source>
<year>1920</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores (MINREX)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe de Cuba sobre el bloqueo de EEUU contra Cuba]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harvard University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estadística]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oficina Nacional de]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Información]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[(ONEI)]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anuario Estadístico de Cuba 2021]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Partido Comunista de Cuba (PCC)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Compendio de ideas, conceptos y directrices del VIII Congreso del Partido Comunista de Cuba]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial del PCC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La dinámica del modelo global de acumulación y su impacto en la cadena global de valor]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Economía Internacional]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>VIII</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CIEI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Storper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regions, Globalization and Development]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Regional Studies Review]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>XXXVII</volume>
<numero>6/7</numero>
<issue>6/7</issue>
<page-range>579-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
