<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0252-8584</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Economía y Desarrollo]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Econ. y Desarrollo]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0252-8584</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Dirección de Publicaciones Académicas de la Universidad de La Habana (Editorial UH) ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0252-85842025000100018</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Los efectos del crecimiento y la redistribución del ingreso en la reducción de la pobreza en Panamá: una perspectiva territorial]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Effects of Growth and Income Redistribution on Poverty Reduction in Panamá: A Territorial Perspective]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camaño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martina Him]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corrales-Herrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Helena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda-Escolar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Belén]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moyano-Pesquera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro Benito]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Facultad de Economía. Centro Regional Universitario de Veraguas (CRU-V). Universidad de Panamá.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Panamá. ]]></addr-line>
<country>Panamá</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Jurídicas y de la Comunicación. Departamento de Economía Aplicada.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Valladolid. ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales. Departamento de Economía Aplicada.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Valladolid. ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>169</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0252-85842025000100018&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0252-85842025000100018&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0252-85842025000100018&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El objetivo del trabajo es estudiar la influencia de diferentes factores sobre la reducción de la pobreza monetaria en Panamá durante la década prepandemia y obtener una aproximación subnacional que considere la heterogeneidad territorial del país. A partir del cálculo de los indicadores de Foster, Greer y Thorbecke, se realiza una descomposición de los cambios en esta variable, entre los años 2010 y 2019, donde se distinguen tres efectos: crecimiento, redistribución y línea. Se toman las líneas de pobreza estimadas por el Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas como criterio de identificación de los pobres y, como medida de comparación, el ingreso per cápita familiar construido a partir de los microdatos de la Encuesta Continua de Hogares. Los resultados, tanto a nivel nacional como subnacional, muestran una reducción de la pobreza causada por el crecimiento de los ingresos de los hogares, sin una mejora significativa en su redistribución, y revelan que el problema sigue teniendo un marcado carácter rural, mientras la región Metropolitana registra los valores más bajos en los indicadores de pobreza. Nuestros hallazgos alertan sobre la necesidad de reestructurar las políticas de lucha contra la pobreza en aquellos territorios donde el fenómeno viene explicado por factores culturales y complejas condiciones espaciales, demográficas, económicas y sociales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to assess the influence of various factors on the reduction of monetary poverty in Panama during the pre-pandemic decade, providing a subnational analysis that considers the country&#8217;s territorial heterogeneity. Using the Foster, Greer, and Thorbecke indicators, the changes in this variable are decomposed between 2010 and 2019, distinguishing three effects: growth, redistribution, and poverty line. The poverty lines estimated by the Ministry of Economy and Finance are used as the criterion for identifying the poor, while household per capita income, constructed from the microdata of the Continuous Household Survey, serves as a basis for comparison. The results, both at the national and subnational levels, show a reduction in poverty driven by household income growth, with no significant improvement in income redistribution. They also reveal that poverty remains a predominantly rural issue, with the Metropolitan region reporting the lowest values in poverty indicators. Our findings highlight the need to restructure anti-poverty policies in areas where the phenomenon is influenced by cultural factors and complex spatial, demographic, economic, and social conditions.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[descomposición]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desigualdad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[distribución]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ingreso monetario]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Panamá]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pobreza]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[decomposition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[distribution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[inequality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[monetary income]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Panamá]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[poverty]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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