<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0253-570X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Salud Animal]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Salud Anim.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0253-570X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0253-570X2023000100008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Spatial distribution of antimicrobial resistance of extra-intestinal clinical Escherichia coli isolated from poultry farms in western provinces of Cuba]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Distribución espacial de resistencia antimicrobiana en aislados clínicos extraintestinales de Escherichia coli procedentes de granjas comerciales de provincias occidentales de Cuba]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ley-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oshin]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abreu Jorge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yandy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masdeus-Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Virginia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto-Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montano-Valle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Damarys de las N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Percedo Abreu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ivette]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alfonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pastor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San José de las Lajas Mayabeque]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Poultry Research and Diagnosis Laboratory (LIDA) "Jesús Menéndez"  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Livestock Management Group (GEGAN) Agriculture Ministry ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>45</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0253-570X2023000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0253-570X2023000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0253-570X2023000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a worldwide concern and a threat to global public health. On the other hand, Escherichia coli has played a significant role in the evolution of AMR. The current study aimed to characterise the spatial pattern of AMR of extra-intestinal clinical E. coli isolated from commercial poultry in western provinces of Cuba. Data for the study covered January-2014 to December-2017. Trend analysis and exploratory description were carried out using R environment 4.0.4. ArcMap 10.4 was used for the spatial analysis by the Kernel Density Estimation method and visualisation map. Incremental trends in the frequency of resistance were observed during the study period. Kernel Density indicated that AMR was spatially distributed across the whole geographical region under study, although the highest density (high values) of AMR was located mainly in municipalities of Artemisa province. Areas of significantly higher and lower risk of AMR were identified in the Southeast and North of the region, respectively. Finally, the identification of the spatial distribution and relative risk surface of E. coli antimicrobial resistance from poultry farms in Cuba is a major step that contributes to optimise antimicrobial stewardship practices across the western region. This allows for improved preventive health measures and control strategies to prevent diseases and increase epidemiological surveillance.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La resistencia antimicrobiana (RAM) es una preocupación mundial y una amenaza para la salud pública global. Por otra parte, Escherichia coli ha marcado una forma significativa en la evolución de la RAM. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar el patrón espacial de la RAM en aislados extraintestinales de E. coli procedentes de aves comerciales de provincias occidentales de Cuba. Los datos del estudio abarcaron de enero del 2014 a diciembre del 2017. El análisis de tendencias y la descripción exploratoria se realizó con el lenguaje de programación de R versión 4.0.4. Para el análisis espacial se utilizó ArcGIS 10.4 mediante el método de estimación de densidad de Kernel y salida cartográfica. Se observaron tendencias al incremento en la frecuencia de resistencia durante el periodo de estudio. La densidad de Kernel indicó que la RAM se distribuyó espacialmente en toda la región geográfica de estudio, aunque la mayor densidad (valores altos) de RAM se localizó mayoritariamente en municipios de la provincia Artemisa. Se identificaron áreas de riesgo significativamente mayor y menor de RAM en el Sudeste y Norte de la región, respectivamente. Por último, la identificación de la distribución espacial y la superficie de riesgo relativo de resistencia antimicrobiana de E. coli procedente de granjas avícolas en Cuba es un paso importante que contribuye a optimizar las prácticas de administración de antimicrobianos en la región occidental. Esto permite mejorar las medidas sanitarias preventivas y las estrategias de control para evitar enfermedades y aumentar la vigilancia epidemiológica.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Antimicrobial resistance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Escherichia coli]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Kernel Density]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[relative risk]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[poultry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Resistencia antimicrobiana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Escherichia coli]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[densidad de Kernel]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[riesgo relativo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[aves comerciales]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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