<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0253-9276</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Universidad de La Habana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[UH]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0253-9276</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Dirección de Publicaciones Académicas de la Universidad de La Habana (Editorial UH) ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0253-92762020000200043</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La comunicación como herramienta de la política exterior de los Estados Unidos hacia América Latina]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Communication as a Tool of U.S. Foreign Policy towards Latin America]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Olga Rosa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de La Habana Centro de Estudios Hemisféricos y sobre Estados Unidos (CESHEU) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>290</numero>
<fpage>43</fpage>
<lpage>58</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0253-92762020000200043&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0253-92762020000200043&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0253-92762020000200043&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La información como uno de los instrumentos del poder nacional en los Estados Unidos ha sido clave en la implementación de su política exterior. De ahí que explicar la manera en que ha sido usada hacia América Latina desde una perspectiva histórica sea el objetivo central de este artículo. Para ello, se consultaron documentos oficiales, informes de tanques pensantes y estudios que, desde la academia, ayudaron a tener una visión holística del fenómeno. El trabajo está dividido en dos partes: una primera para definiciones conceptuales y la segunda para explicar cómo se ha usado la información hacia la región. Al final se ofrecen las conclusiones del estudio.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Information as one of the instruments of national power in the United States has been key in the implementation of its foreign policy. Hence, explaining how it has been used towards Latin America from a historical perspective is the central objective of this article. To this end, official documents, reports from think tanks and studies from academia were consulted, which helped to provide a holistic view of the phenomenon. The work is divided into two parts: the first for conceptual definitions and the second to explain how the information has been used in the region. The conclusions of the study are offered at the end.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comunicación política]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[información]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[política exterior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[political communication]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[information]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[foreign policy]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comunicación y Poder]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[S.A., Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza Editorial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clausewitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karl von]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[De la guerra]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[LIBROdot.com]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clinton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Broadcasting Act]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington D.C ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Public Law 103-236]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elliston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jon]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Psywar on Cuba. The Declassified History of U.S. Anti-Castro Propaganda]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Melbourne ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ocean Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Estado Mayor del Departamento del Ejército</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Circular de Entrenamiento No. 18-01. La Guerra no Convencional de las Fuerzas Especiales]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Interagency Strategy for Public Diplomacy and Strategic Communication</collab>
<source><![CDATA[National Framework for Strategic Communication]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lord]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kristin M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Voices of America. US Public Diplomacy for the 21 st Century]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Brookings Institution]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La producción social de comunicación]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza Editorial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los modelos de la comunicación (3ra parte): propuesta de un modelo dialéctico para el estudio de los sistemas de comunicación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Teoría de la Comunicación. Epistemología y análisis de la referencia]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<page-range>129-41</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Pablo de la Torriente]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Walter]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Voice of America. Origins and Recollection]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[American Diplomacy]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>United States Agency for Global Media (USAGM)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[FY 2018, Performance and Accountability Report]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>United States Agency for Global Media (USAGM)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Media Development. Training by Years]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>United States Congress</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Information and Educational Exchange Act]]></source>
<year>1948</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington D. C ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Smith-Mundt Act, Public Law 80-402]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>United States Congress</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Foreign Affairs and Restructuring Act]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington D. C ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Public Law 105-277]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>United States Congress</collab>
<source><![CDATA[National Defense Authorization Act]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington D. C ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Public Law 112-239]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdés-Dapena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jacinto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Piratas en el éter. La guerra radial contra Cuba, 1959-1999]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial de Ciencias Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Voz de América</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Nuestros clientes]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
