<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0253-9276</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Universidad de La Habana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[UH]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0253-9276</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Dirección de Publicaciones Académicas de la Universidad de La Habana (Editorial UH) ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0253-92762020000200221</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Bolivia: recursos estratégicos y la nueva guerra política1]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Bolivia: Strategic Resources and the New Political War]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Silvina M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lajtman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tamara]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Estudios de América Latina y el Caribe de la Universidad de Buenos Aires  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>290</numero>
<fpage>221</fpage>
<lpage>249</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0253-92762020000200221&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0253-92762020000200221&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0253-92762020000200221&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN En el artículo se evidencia cómo la hegemonía de los Estados Unidos en América Latina y el Caribe es disputada por Rusia y China como potencias en ascenso, lo que obliga la redefinición de la política exterior estadounidense, incluyendo el retorno a la guerra política. Se trata de demostrar por qué el gobierno del Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS) en Bolivia fue definido, sistemáticamente, en términos negativos, descalificación concebida por parte de la comunidad internacional y la desestabilización interna. Esto surge como resultado de la articulación entre la geopolítica blanda y la geopolítica dura. La primera incluye los relatos y la construcción de sentidos opuestos al gobierno del MAS centrados en valores liberales y difundidos por think tanks y la prensa hegemónica, que operaron constantemente para ocultar o dejar al margen la «geopolítica dura» implicada en la toma de decisión. Además, se demuestra que fue esta articulación la que permitió no solo la desestabilización, sino el posterior Golpe de Estado aceptado por la comunidad internacional.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The article shows how the hegemony of the United States in Latin America and the Caribbean is disputed by Russia and China as rising powers, forcing a redefinition of U.S. foreign policy, including a return to political warfare. It is a question of demonstrating why the government of the Movement Towards Socialism (MAS) in Bolivia was systematically defined, in negative terms, by disqualification conceived by the international community and internal destabilization. This arises as a result of the articulation between soft geopolitics and hard geopolitics. The former includes the stories and the construction of meanings opposed to the MAS government centered on liberal values and disseminated by think tanks and the hegemonic press, which constantly operated to hide or leave aside the "hard geopolitics" involved in decision making. Moreover, it is demonstrated that it was this articulation that allowed not only destabilization, but the subsequent coup d'état accepted by the international community.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bolivia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estados Unidos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[guerra política]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[geopolítica blanda]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[geopolítica dura]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bolivia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[United States]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[political war]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[soft geopolitics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hard geopolitics]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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