<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0258-5936</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cultivos Tropicales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[cultrop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0258-5936</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones INCA]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0258-59362021000200007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Quitosano induce respuestas defensivas en plantas de soya inoculada con Bradyrhizobium elkanii]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Chitosan induces defensive responses in soybean plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium elkanii]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costales-Menéndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daimy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Falcón-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nápoles-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera-Pino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varela-Nualles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Travieso-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lisbel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas (INCA)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San José de las Lajas Mayabeque]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fyteko  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Anderlecht]]></addr-line>
<country>Belgium</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0258-59362021000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0258-59362021000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0258-59362021000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El quitosano es un polímero natural que induce numerosas respuestas biológicas en muchas especies de plantas; por ejemplo, la inducción de respuestas enzimáticas y metabólicas de defensa al estrés biótico. En este trabajo se determinaron las enzimas de resistencia basal inducidas (&#946; 1-3 glucanasa, quitinasa y fenilalanina-amoniaco-liasa) y el contenido de proteínas en órganos de soya, inoculada con Bradyrhizobium y crecida en un medio de cultivo in vitro en presencia de diferentes concentraciones de quitosano. La respuesta defensiva inducida por el polímero dependió de su concentración, del órgano de la plántula y del momento evaluado. El comportamiento de los niveles enzimáticos fue diferente en hojas y raíces de soya e inversamente proporcional al contenido de proteínas. Los valores enzimáticos en hojas fueron más elevados a los siete días postratamiento que a los 21 días, excepto la actividad &#946; 1-3 glucanasa. Sin embargo, en las raíces, los incrementos ocurrieron a los 21 días, excepto la actividad quitinasa. Las concentraciones mayores (100, 500 y 1000 mg L-1) de quitosano incrementaron los niveles enzimáticos en raíces, fundamentalmente a los 21 días de efectuarse la inoculación con B. elkanii. Los resultados muestran la posibilidad de utilizar quitosacáridos para la inducción de respuestas defensivas en soya contra patógenos, sin afectar el proceso simbiótico que lleva a cabo con Bradyrhizobium elkanii.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Chitosan is a natural polymer that induces numerous biological responses in many plant species, for instance, the induction of enzymatic and metabolic defense responses to biotic stress. In this paper, basal induced resistance enzymes (&#946; 1-3 Glucanase, Chitinase and Phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase) and protein content, were determined in soybean organs, inoculated with Bradyrhizobium and growth in culture media added with different chitosan concentrations. Defensive response induced by the polymer depended on its concentration, the organ of the plant and the moment evaluated. The behavior of enzyme levels was different in soybean leaves and roots and inversely proportional to protein content. Enzymatic values in leaves were higher at 7 days post-treatment than at 21 days, except &#946; 1-3 glucanase activity. However, in the roots, the increases occurred at 21 days, except chitinase activity. Higher concentrations (100, 500 and 1000 mg L-1) of chitosan increased the enzyme levels in roots, mainly at 21 days after inoculation with B. elkanii. Results show the possibility of using chitosaccharides for the induction of defensive responses in soybean against pathogens, without affecting the symbiotic process carried out with Bradyrhizobium elkanii.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[&#946; 1-3 glucanasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[quitinasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inducción defensiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[MAMP]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[PAL]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[&#946;1-3 glucanase]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[chitinase]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[defensive induction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[MAMP]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[PAL]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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