<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0375-0760</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Med Trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0375-0760</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0375-07602005000100010</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Use of polymerase chain reaction for the identification of Leptospira sp. in urine of carriers]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Uso de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para la identificación de Leptospira sp. en orina de portadores]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banda Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Víctor Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orozco Vega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura Elena]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urrutia Velázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa María]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,CENID Microbiología-INIFAP  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>47</fpage>
<lpage>48</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0375-07602005000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0375-07602005000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0375-07602005000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The objectives of the present work were to detect Leptospira seropositive animals. The ELISA results report only IgG antibodies, which could be attributable to chronic infections or else, that they are healthy carriers. All polymerase chain reaction positive animals should be considered potential sources of infection.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se trazó como objetivo detectar los animales seropositivos a Leptospira. Los resultados del ELISA reportaron solo anticuerpos IgG, lo cual puede atribuirse a infecciones crónicas o bien a que sean portadores saludables. Todos los animales positivos a la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa deben considerarse fuentes potenciales de infección.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Leptospira]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[PCR]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ELISA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[healthy carrier]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Leptospira]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[RCP]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ELISA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[portador sano]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <div class=Section1>         <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:orozco1'><span lang=ES>CENID Microbiología-INIFAP,      México    <br>     </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:orozco1'><span lang=ES>Campo Experimental      <span class=SpellE>Pichucalco</span>-INIFAP, México</span></span></p>   <h2 class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:orozco1'><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Use of </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark: orozco1'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>polymerase chain reaction      </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:orozco1'><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>for the identification of <i>Leptospira </i>sp.      in urine of carriers</span></span></h2>       <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:orozco1'><span lang=ES><a href="#creditos">Dr.      Víctor Manuel Banda Ruiz<span class=GramE>,<sup>1</sup></span> Dra. Laura      Elena Orozco Vega<sup><span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>2 </span></sup><span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>y <span class=SpellE>Téc</span>. </span>Rosa      María Urrutia Velázquez<sup>3 </sup></a><sup><a name="autores"></a></sup></span></span></p>   <h4 class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:orozco1'><span lang=EN style='mso-ansi-language:EN'>Summary</span></span></h4>       <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:orozco1'><span lang=EN style='mso-ansi-language:EN'>The objectives of the present work were to detect      <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Leptospira</i> seropositive animals. The ELISA      results report only IgG antibodies, which could be attributable to chronic      infections or else, that they are healthy carriers. All </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:orozco1'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>polymerase chain reaction</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:orozco1'><span lang=EN style='mso-ansi-language:EN'> positive      animals should be considered potential sources of infection. </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:orozco1'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'></span></span></p>       <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:orozco1'><span lang=EN style='mso-ansi-language:EN'><b>Key words</b>: Leptospira, PCR, ELISA, healthy      carrier.</span></span></p>   <span style='mso-bookmark:orozco1'></span>        <p class=MsoNormal>&nbsp;</p>       <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN style='mso-ansi-language:EN'>From a previous      study in Chiapas state, 81.8 % of the animals with known reproductive problems,      were positive for <i>Leptospira</i> at the microagglutination test (AM).<sup>1</sup>      The objectives of the present work were a) to detect <i style='mso-bidi-font-style: normal'>Leptospira</i> seropositive animals and b) those which eliminated the      rickettsia in the urine in Chiapas State.</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'></span></p>       <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN style='mso-ansi-language:EN'>In the present      study, 316 bovine females in milking stage, were used, the animals were bled      from the jugular vein and the serum was tested by the ELISA for the presence      of antibodies anti-leptospira. For this test, antigen from the <i>Leptospira      interrogans</i> serovar <i>hardjo</i> strain <i>hardjoprajitmo</i>, was used      to detect IgG. In order to determine the cutoff a positive serum to AM, ELISA      and PCR (in urine); all positive and transition animals were sampled for urine      and, which was analyzed by PCR, to identify those eliminating <i>Leptospira      </i>sp in urine. All during the development of the study productive and reproductive      record were taken of each animal in study.</span></p>       <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN style='mso-ansi-language:EN'>Of the analysis      of serum samples by the ELISA, globally 40.8 % of positive animals at a optic      density (OD) greater to 1,0 and 20.1 % in transition with DO between 0.900      and 0.700. With regards to PCR only 13.1 % of animals eliminated the rickettsia      in the urine (Table).</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'></span></p>       ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p class=MsoNormal align="center"><span class=GramE><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language: EN-GB'><b>Table</b>.</span></span><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>      ELISA and PCR results by municipality</span></p>   <table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0  style='border-collapse:collapse;mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt' align="center">     <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0'>        <td width=135 rowspan=2 valign=top style='width:101.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>              <p class=MsoNormal align="center"><span class=SpellE><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>Municipality</span></span><span   lang=ES></span></p>       </td>       <td width=239 colspan=2 valign=top style='width:179.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>              <p class=MsoNormal align="center"><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>ELISA</span><span   lang=ES></span></p>       </td>       <td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>              <p class=MsoNormal align="center"><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>PCR</span><span   lang=ES></span></p>       </td>     </tr>     <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1'>        <td width=119 valign=top style='width:89.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>              <p class=MsoNormal align="center"><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>%            transition or weak positive</span><span lang=ES></span></p>       </td>       <td width=120 valign=top style='width:90.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>              <p class=MsoNormal align="center"><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>%            <span   class=SpellE>positive</span></span><span lang=ES></span></p>       </td>       <td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>              <p class=MsoNormal align="center"><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>%            <span   class=SpellE>positive</span></span><span lang=ES></span></p>       </td>     </tr>     <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2'>        <td width=135 valign=top style='width:101.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>              <p class=MsoNormal align="center"><span class=SpellE><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>Ixtacomitán</span></span><span   lang=ES></span></p>       </td>       <td width=119 valign=top style='width:89.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>              <p class=MsoNormal align="center"><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>28.00</span><span   lang=ES></span></p>       </td>       <td width=120 valign=top style='width:90.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>              <p class=MsoNormal align="center"><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>32.00</span><span   lang=ES></span></p>       </td>       <td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>              ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p class=MsoNormal align="center"><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>0.0</span><span   lang=ES></span></p>       </td>     </tr>     <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:3'>        <td width=135 valign=top style='width:101.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>              <p class=MsoNormal align="center"><span class=SpellE><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>Ixtapangajoya</span></span><span   lang=ES></span></p>       </td>       <td width=119 valign=top style='width:89.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>              <p class=MsoNormal align="center"><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>10.34</span><span   lang=ES></span></p>       </td>       <td width=120 valign=top style='width:90.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>              <p class=MsoNormal align="center"><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>43.10</span><span   lang=ES></span></p>       </td>       <td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>              <p class=MsoNormal align="center"><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>25.80</span><span   lang=ES></span></p>       </td>     </tr>     <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:4'>        <td width=135 valign=top style='width:101.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>              <p class=MsoNormal align="center"><span class=SpellE><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>Mapastepec</span></span><span   lang=ES></span></p>       </td>       <td width=119 valign=top style='width:89.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>              <p class=MsoNormal align="center"><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>23.19</span><span   lang=ES></span></p>       </td>       <td width=120 valign=top style='width:90.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>              <p class=MsoNormal align="center"><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>59.42</span><span   lang=ES></span></p>       </td>       <td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>              <p class=MsoNormal align="center"><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>10.53</span><span   lang=ES></span></p>       </td>     </tr>     <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:5;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'>        <td width=135 valign=top style='width:101.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>              <p class=MsoNormal align="center"><span class=SpellE><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>Pichucalco</span></span><span   lang=ES></span></p>       </td>       <td width=119 valign=top style='width:89.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>              ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p class=MsoNormal align="center"><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>18.90</span><span   lang=ES></span></p>       </td>       <td width=120 valign=top style='width:90.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>              <p class=MsoNormal align="center"><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>28.82</span><span   lang=ES></span></p>       </td>       <td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>              <p class=MsoNormal align="center"><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>16.00</span><span   lang=ES></span></p>       </td>     </tr>   </table>       <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN style='mso-ansi-language:EN'>The main reproductive      problems in ELISA reactors were: abortion (3.4 %), placental retention (2.2      %) and subclinical mastitis (1.7 %), the 92,7 % remainder did not show any      specific problem. </span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language: EN-US'></span></p>       <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN style='mso-ansi-language:EN'>The ELISA results      report only IgG antibodies, which could be attributable to chronic infections      or else, that they healthy carriers. All PCR positive animals should be considered      potential sources of infection. </span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'></span></p>       <p class=MsoNormal>&nbsp;</p>   <h2 class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>Uso de la reacción      en cadena</span> <span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>de </span><span lang=ES>la      </span><span class=SpellE><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>polimerasa</span></span><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'> para la identificación de <i style='mso-bidi-font-style: normal'>Leptospira </i><span class=SpellE>sp</span>. <span class=GramE>en</span>      orina de portadores</span></h2>   <h4 class=MsoNormal><span lang=ES>Resumen</span></h4>       <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=ES>Se trazó como objetivo detectar los animales      <span class=SpellE>seropositivos</span> a <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Leptospira</i>.<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'> </b>Los resultados del ELISA reportaron solo      anticuerpos <span class=SpellE>IgG</span>, lo cual puede atribuirse a infecciones      crónicas o bien a que sean portadores saludables. Todos los animales positivos      a la reacción en cadena de la <span class=SpellE>polimerasa</span> deben considerarse      fuentes potenciales de infección.</span></p>       <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=ES><b>Palabras clave</b></span><span style='mso-ansi-language: ES-MX'>: Leptospira, R</span><span lang=ES>CP</span><span style='mso-ansi-language: ES-MX'>, ELISA, portador sano</span><span lang=ES>.</span></p>       <p class=MsoNormal>&nbsp;</p>   <h4 class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>References</span></h4>       <!-- ref --><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>1. Orozco      VLE, </span><st1:place><st1:City><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:   EN-US'>Alvarado</span></st1:City><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:  EN-US'> </span><st1:State><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>IA</span></st1:State></st1:place><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>, <span class=SpellE>López</span> FR,      <span class=SpellE>Mejía</span> SP, Quiroz VJ, <span class=SpellE>Gónzalez</span>      HM. </span><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES-MX'>Enfermedades y factores de      riesgo relacionados con problemas reproductivos en bovinos de Chiapas. México:      I Congreso Internacional de Investigación y Transferencia de Tecnología Agropecuaria      Chiapas 2002 Tuxtla Gutiérrez; 2002. p.108.</span><span lang=ES></span><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=ES>Recibido: 27 de diciembre de 2004. Aprobado:      10 de marzo de 2005.    <br>     </span><span lang=ES>Dr. <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Víctor Manuel      Banda Ruiz</i>. CENID Microbiología-INIFAP, México. Correo electrónico: <a href="mailto:%20leorozco@yahoo.com.mx">leorozco@yahoo.com.mx</a>      </span></p>       <p class=MsoNormal><sup><span lang=ES><a href="#autores">1</a></span></sup><a href="#autores"><span lang=ES>      Maestro en Ciencias. CENID Microbiología-INIFAP, México.    <br>     </span></a><a href="#autores"><sup><span lang=ES>2 </span></sup><span lang=ES>Maestra      en Ciencias. Campo Experimental <span class=SpellE>Pichucalco</span>-INIFAP,      México.    <br>     </span></a><a href="#autores"><sup><span lang=ES>3 </span></sup><span lang=ES>Técnico.      Campo Experimental <span class=SpellE>Pichucalco</span>-INIFAP, México.</span></a><span lang=ES><a name="creditos"></a></span></p>  </div>      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
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<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orozco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VLE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IA]]></given-names>
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<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FR]]></given-names>
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<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mejía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SP]]></given-names>
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<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiroz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gónzalez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
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</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Enfermedades y factores de riesgo relacionados con problemas reproductivos en bovinos de Chiapas. México: I Congreso Internacional de Investigación y Transferencia de Tecnología Agropecuaria Chiapas 2002 Tuxtla Gutiérrez]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<page-range>108</page-range></nlm-citation>
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</back>
</article>
