<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0375-0760</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Med Trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0375-0760</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0375-07602020000300009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with visceral leishmaniasis. Review of cases reported]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica asociada con leishmaniasis visceral. Revisión de casos reportados]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuseau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michelle]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Santiago]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Celi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Santiago]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de la República  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Montevideo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Uruguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital General del IESS  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ibarra ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Esmeraldas ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0375-07602020000300009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0375-07602020000300009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0375-07602020000300009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  Leishmaniasis is a tropical and subtropical disease highly reported in Southeast Asia, East Africa, Latin America, and the Mediterranean basin, with an incidence of two million new cases by year and 500,000 cases of visceral leishmaniasis. One of the more severe and rare complications of visceral leishmaniasis is hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.  Objective:  To describe the clinical characteristics of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with visceral leishmaniasis Methods: We performed a literature review based on the case reports indexed in MEDLINE/PubMed.  Results:  Twenty-five cases were included; 52 % under two years of age. All cases presented splenomegaly and 84% hepatomegaly. Cytopenias were described in all patients: 100% thrombocytopenia, 96% anemia, and 84% leukopenia or neutropenia. Hypertriglyceridemia and hypofibrinogenemia were found in 68% and 32%, respectively, and hyperferritinemia in 80%. Additionally, hemophagocytosis was documented in 84%, with Leishmania detection in 92%. All patients were treated against Leishmania: 80% with liposomal amphotericin B. regarding the treatment for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; corticosteroid were used in 36%, endovenous immunoglobulin in 28%, cyclosporine in 28% and etoposide in 16% The complications reported included gastrointestinal hemorrhage (8%), disseminated intravascular coagulation (8%), autoimmune hemolytic anemia (12%), multiple-organ dysfunction/septic shock (12%), petechial rash (16%), and four patients deceased. Variables such as fever (p=0.031), hemoglobin level (p=0.031), platelet count (p=0.0048), and ferritin (p=0.0072) were associated with mortality  Conclusions:  During visceral leishmaniasis, the hemophagocytic syndrome is a rare condition that mainly affects pediatric patients, but with excellent outcomes using liposomal amphotericin B. However, there is a lack of strong evidence to make a recommendation.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  La leishmaniasis es una enfermedad tropical y subtropical con una elevada incidencia, dos millones de casos nuevos por año y 500 000 de leishmaniasis visceral. La linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica es una complicación grave y rara de la leishmaniasis visceral.  Objetivo:  Describir las características clínicas de la linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica asociada con leishmaniasis visceral.  Métodos:  Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica basada en los informes de casos indexados en MEDLINE/PubMed. Se identificaron 34 publicaciones; después de analizarlas en función de los criterios de inclusión se trabajó con 22 trabajos.  Resultados:  En los trabajos incluidos se informaron 25 casos; el 52 % fueron pacientes menores de 2 años. Todos presentaron esplenomegalia y 84 % hepatomegalia. Se describieron citopenias en todos los pacientes: 100 % trombocitopenia, 96 % anemia y 84 % leucopenia o neutropenia. Se encontró hipertrigliceridemia e hipofibrinogenemia en 68 % y 32 %, respectivamente, e hiperferritinemia en 80 %. Todos los pacientes fueron tratados contra leishmania, 80 % con anfotericina B liposomal. Las complicaciones incluyeron: hemorragia gastrointestinal, coagulación intravascular diseminada, anemia hemolítica autoinmune, falla multiorgánica/shock séptico, erupción petequial y cuatro pacientes fallecieron.  Conclusiones:  En la leishmaniasis visceral, el síndrome hemofagocítico es una afección poco frecuente que afecta principalmente a pacientes pediátricos. Para el tratamiento, usando la anfotericina B liposomal se obtienen excelentes resultados; sin embargo, la evidencia es insuficiente para hacer una recomendación.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Leishmaniasis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[amphotericin B]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pediatrics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[leishmaniasis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[anfotericina B]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pediatría]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Croft]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boelaert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Leishmaniasis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>392</volume>
<numero>10151</numero>
<issue>10151</issue>
<page-range>951-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintanilla-Cedillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Esmenjaud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Leishmaniasis a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[F1000Res]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>750</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Leishmaniasis; Epidemiological situation]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jamka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lehmberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis pathogenesis and treatment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>2013</volume>
<page-range>605-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[George]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis review of etiologies and management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Blood Med]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>69-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morimoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Omachi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chambers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uchida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanjoba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hemophagocytosis in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis by Leishmania donovani]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS Negl Trop Dis]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[George]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sadiq]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sigamani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mathuram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Visceral leishmaniasis with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ Case Rep]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tascini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lanciotti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sebastiani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paglino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esposito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Complex Investigation of a Pediatric Haematological Case Haemophagocytic Syndrome Associated with Visceral Leishmaniasis and Epstein?Barr (EBV) Co-Infection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Environ Res Public Health]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pais]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerqueira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salvador]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Visceral Leishmaniasis Associated with Macrophage Activation Syndrome and Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in a Lupus Patient]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Med Port]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>593-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adamczick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dierig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Welzel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schifferli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ritz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Double trouble visceral leishmaniasis in twins after traveling to Tuscany - a case report]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>495</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Recio Iglesias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olivé Gadea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Visceral leishmania-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Clin (Barc)]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>151</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>e25-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaifer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boulassel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Leishmania Infantum and Epstein-Barr Virus Co-Infection in a Patient with Hemophagocytosis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Infect Dis Rep]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>6545</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aydin Teke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Metin Timur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ö]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gayretli Aydin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Öz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bayhan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yilmaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Three Pediatric Cases of Leishmaniasis with Different Clinical Forms and Treatment Regimens]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Turkiye Parazitol Derg]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>147-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rios-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Callejas-Rubio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sancho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zubiaur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortego-Centeno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tocilizumab as an Adjuvant Therapy for Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Associated With Visceral Leishmaniasis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Ther]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>e1193-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Higel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Froehlich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pages]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dupont]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collardeau-Frachon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dijoud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Macrophage activation syndrome and autoimmunity due to visceral leishmaniasis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>397-400</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DomInguez-Pinilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baro-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Granado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LI]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to Epstein Barr virus and Leishmania co-infection in a toddler]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Postgrad Med]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>44-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ER]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shamasunder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cascino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katrak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bern]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Visceral leishmaniasis-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a traveler returning from a pilgrimage to the Camino de Santiago]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Travel Med]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>429-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Visentin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baudesson de Chanville]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loosveld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chambost]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barlogis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Infantile visceral leishmaniasis, an etiology of easily curable hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1225-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shabani-Rad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vanderkooi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vayalumkal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuhn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guilcher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Leishmania in HLH a rare finding with significant treatment implications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pediatr Hematol Oncol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>e127-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yildiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Unver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karapinar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vardar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with H1N1 virus infection and visceral leishmaniasis in a 4 5-month-old infant]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Soc Bras Med Trop]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>407-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouguila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chabchoub]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moncef]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mlika]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saghrouni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boughamoura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Treatment of severe hemophagocytic syndrome associated with visceral leishmaniasis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1566-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nasereddin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rav-Acha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kedmi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gatt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prolonged fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia in a 46-year-old woman]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS Med]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koliou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soteriades]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ES]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ephros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazeris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antoniou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with Epstein Barr virus and Leishmania donovani coinfection in a child from Cyprus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pediatr Hematol Oncol]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>704-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Celik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alabaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alhan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bayram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Celik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diagnostic dilemma in an adolescent boy hemophagocytic syndrome in association with kala azar]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Med Sci]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>334</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>139-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tapisiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ciftçi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ince]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dogru]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with visceral leishmaniasis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Trop Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>359-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kilani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ammari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kanoun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ben Chaabane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdellatif]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hemophagocytic syndrome associated with visceral leishmaniasis Int J Infect]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dis]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>85-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ozyürek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ozçay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yilmaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ozbek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with visceral leishmaniasis a case report]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Hematol Oncol]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>409-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Offer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tamary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaffe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BZ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with visceral leishmaniasis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Hematol Oncol]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>65-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parikh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kapoor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Letendre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wolanskyj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prognostic factors and outcomes of adults with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mayo Clin Proc]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>484-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivière]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galicier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coppo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marzac]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aumont]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lambotte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reactive hemophagocytic syndrome in adults a retrospective analysis of 162 patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Med]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>127</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1118-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grzybowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vishwanath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis A Diagnostic Conundrum]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pediatr Neurosci]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>55-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[George]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis review of etiologies and management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Blood Med]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>69-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GX]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[XQ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical analysis on 28 patients with he1ophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>463-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rajagopala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diagnosing and treating hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in the tropics systematic review from the Indian subcontinent]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Med Acad]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>161-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bode]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bogdan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beutel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Behnisch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greiner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in imported pediatric visceral leishmaniasis in a nonendemic area]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>165</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>147-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aronson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herwaldt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Libman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diagnosis and Treatment of Leishmaniasis Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Trop Med Hyg]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>96</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>24-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jordan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weitzman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filipovich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McClain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How I treat hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Blood]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>118</volume>
<numero>15</numero>
<issue>15</issue>
<page-range>4041-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sampaio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavalcanti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Risk factors for death in children with visceral leishmaniasis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS Negl Trop Dis]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ben Helel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ben Rejeb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Habboul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khattat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mejaouel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Said-Latiri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Risk factors for mortality of children with zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Central Tunisia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Druzian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Croda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Higa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dorval]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Risk Factors for Death from Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Urban Area of Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS Negl Trop Dis]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
