<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0375-0760</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Med Trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0375-0760</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0375-07602022000200006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Bacillus thuringiensis A21, un aislado no tóxico de elevada actividad larvicida residual contra Aedes aegypti]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Bacillus thuringiensis A21, a non-toxic isolate of high residual larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Rizo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aileen]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres Cueto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Elizabeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Companioni Ibañez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ariamys]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cantillo Padrón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge D]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Israel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anaya Martinez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hilda M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí (IPK) Centro de Investigación, Diagnóstico y Referencia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Archivo Nacional de Cuba Laboratorio de Conservación Preventiva ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>74</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0375-07602022000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0375-07602022000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0375-07602022000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción: Los productos derivados de Bacillus thuringiensis se han empleado con éxito en el control de insectos. Sin embargo, la poca residualidad promueve la búsqueda de alternativas. En Cuba diferentes estudios informan la evaluación y selección de aislamientos de B. thuringiensis con actividad larvicida contra Aedes aegypti: el aislado A21 se destaca por su elevada actividad larvicida y ausencia de betaexotoxina.  Objetivo:  Evaluar la toxicidad/patogenicidad aguda oral y actividad larvicida residual del aislado A21.  Métodos:  La evaluación de la toxicidad/patogenicidad aguda oral del aislado A21 se estableció en el modelo biológico Rattus norvegicus. Se realizaron observaciones clínicas diarias de los animales y se evaluó el peso corporal. Se estimó la eliminación y la infectividad de B. thuringiensis mediante análisis de muestras de heces, y de fluidos y órganos, respectivamente. Para determinar la actividad larvicida residual del aislado A21 frente a larvas de Ae. aegypti se realizaron bioensayos con diferentes volúmenes de recambios de agua semanal (total, parcial, no recambio) en los recipientes. La mortalidad obtenida se calculó a las 24-72 h.  Resultados:  Con el aislado A21 no se detectó toxicidad/patogenicidad aguda oral en Rattus norvegicus. En el estudio de residualidad, la mortalidad larvaria a las 72 h se mantuvo elevada (80-100 %) hasta la semana 24. A partir de la semana 25 la mortalidad larvaria disminuyó (p &lt; 0,05).  Conclusiones: Se evidencia la baja toxicidad y la elevada actividad larvicida residual del aislado A21 contra Ae. aegypti y lo convierten en un candidato promisorio para el desarrollo de biolarvicidas. Estos productos biológicos podrían contribuir a mejorar las estrategias de control del vector existentes en Cuba.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction: Bacillus thuringiensis-based products have been successfully used for insect control. However, their low residuality promotes the search for alternatives. In Cuba, different studies have informed about the evaluation and selection of B. thuringiensis isolates with larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti: isolate A21 highlights for its high larvicidal activity and absence of beta-exotoxins.  Objective: To evaluate the acute oral toxicity/pathogenicity and the residual larvicidal activity of isolate A21.  Methods: The evaluation of the acute oral toxicity/pathogenicity of isolate A21 was established in the animal model Rattus norvegicus. Daily clinical observations of the animals were carried out, and their body weight was evaluated. The elimination and infectivity of B. thuringiensis were estimated by analyzing feces, and fluids and organs samples, respectively. To determine the residual larvicidal activity of isolate A21 to Ae. aegypti larvae, bioassays were conducted with different volumes of weekly water changes (total, partial, no change) in the containers. Mortality was calculated at 24h-72h.  Results: No acute oral toxicity/pathogenicity was detected with isolate A21 in Rattus norvegicus. In the study of residuality, at 72h larval mortality remained high (80%-100%) until week 24, decreasing from week 25 (p &lt; 0.05).  Conclusions: It is evidenced the low toxicity and high residual larvicidal activity of isolate A21 against Ae. aegypti, which makes it a promising candidate for the development of biolarvicides. These biological products could contribute to the improvements of the existing vector control strategies in Cuba.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bacillus thuringiensis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Aedes aegypti]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pruebas de toxicidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bioensayos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[control biológico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mosquitos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bacillus thuringiensis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Aedes aegypti]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[toxicity test]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bioassay]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biological control]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mosquito]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva-Filha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romão]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rezende]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TMT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KDS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gouveia de Menezes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alexandre do Nascimento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bacterial Toxins Active against Mosquitoes: Mode of Action and Resistance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Toxins (Basel)]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zogo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tchiekoi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BNC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koffi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahounto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahoua Alou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dabiré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of sunlight exposure on the residual efficacy of biolarvicides Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus against the main malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Malar J]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dawson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salice]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Subbiah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The efficacy of the Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis larvicide against Culex tarsalis in municipal waste water and water from natural wetlands]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Mosq Control Assoc]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>97-106</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uragayala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kamaraju]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tiwari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghosh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valecha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Field testing &amp; evaluation of the efficacy &amp; duration of effectiveness of a biolarvicide, Bactivec((r)) SC (Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis SH-14) in Bengaluru, India]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Indian J Med Res]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>147</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>299-307</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malovichko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nizhnikov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antonets]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Repertoire of the Bacillus thuringiensis Virulence Factors Unrelated to Major Classes of Protein Toxins and Its Role in Specificity of Host-Pathogen Interactions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Toxins]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>347</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Rizo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Companioni Ibañez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menéndez Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anaya Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorenzo Borjas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación de la eficacia larvicida de Rapidall NP3 (Bacillus thuringiensis) contra Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera Culicidae) en condiciones de laboratorio]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Med Trop]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[He X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biopolymer microencapsulations of Bacillus thuringiensis crystal preparations for increased stability and resistance to environmental stress]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Appl Microbiol Biotechnol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>2779-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Setha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chantha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benjamin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Socheat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bacterial Larvicide, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis Strain AM 65-52 Water Dispersible Granule Formulation Impacts Both Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti (L ) Population Density and Disease Transmission in Cambodia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>1-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menéndez Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gato Armas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conducta de oviposición de Aedes aegypti (L ) en presencia de Macrocyclops albidus (J.) y Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis en condiciones de laboratorio]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Med Trop]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>73-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Day]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mosquito Oviposition Behavior and Vector Control]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Insects]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menéndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Companioni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruzón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RY]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti (L ) strains from Havana to a Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Med Trop]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>324-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tissera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samaraweera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jayamanne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BDW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MDS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chulasiri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[UMPP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis in integrated vector control of Aedes sp in Sri Lanka: a prospective controlled effectiveness study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trop Med Int Health]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>229-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vieira-Neta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MRA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soares-da-Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tadei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinheiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VCS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Strain of Bacillus thuringiensis from Restinga, toxic to Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera, Culicidae)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Braz J Biol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>872-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soares-da-Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vieira-Neta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MRA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tadei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdalla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis from Maranhão biomes with potential insecticidal action against Aedes aegypti larvae (Diptera, Culicidae)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Braz J Biol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<page-range>114-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haddi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LTM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative genomic analysis and mosquito larvicidal activity of four Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis strains]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sci Rep]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Rizo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Companioni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menéndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magdalena-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of Chlorine and Temperature on Larvicidal Activity of Cuban Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Arthropod-Borne Dis]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>39-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Rizo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menéndez Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anaya Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Broche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón Camacho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detección de beta exotoxinas en aislamientos de Bacillus thuringiensis nativos de Cuba]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Med Trop]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>105-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruzon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Companionis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menendez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Isolation and characterization of entomopathogenic bacteria from soil samples from the western region of Cuba]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Vector Ecol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>46-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruzon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carreras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis soil isolates from Cuba, with insecticidal activity against mosquitoes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Biol Trop]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1007-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mancebo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Navarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lugo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arteaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación de la toxicidad/patogenicidad de una formulación de Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis (Bactivec)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev de Toxicol]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>204-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Underwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anthony]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cartner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grandin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[E.U ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[American Veterinary Medical Association]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Askar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ashraf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scammell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bayston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of different human tissue processing methods for maximization of bacterial recovery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Clin Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<page-range>149-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Principles of microbe and cell cultivation, S John Pirt, Halsted Press, Division of John Wiley and Sons, New York, 274 pages]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[AIChE Journal]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>621</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>WHO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Guidelines for laboratory and field testing of mosquito larvicides]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Geneva, Switzerland ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Health Organization]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bisset]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leyva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Manual de Indicaciones Técnicas para insectarios]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ciudad de La Habana ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Ciencias Medicas ECIMED]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Finney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Probit analysis]]></source>
<year>1971</year>
<edition>3rd</edition>
<page-range>333</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Press CU]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[DOUE-L-2010-81868. Directiva 2010/63/UE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 22 de septiembre de 2010, relativa a la protección de los animales utilizados para fines científicos]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>PAHO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Métodos de vigilancia entomológica y control de los principales vectores en las Américas]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, D.C. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Organización Panamericana de la Salud]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marquetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrazana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leyva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bisset]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factores relacionados con la presencia de Aedes aegypti (Diptera Culicidae) en dos regiones de Cuba]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Med Trop]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>112-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marquetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bisset]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leyva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reporte de hábitats utilizados por Aedes aegypti en Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Med Trop]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>159-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bishop]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The safety of Bacillus thuringiensis to mammals investigated by oral and subcutaneous dosage]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World J Microbiol Biotechnol]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>375-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berlitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giovenardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Charles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J-F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiúza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Toxicity intraperitoneal and intragastric route of Bacillus thuringiensis and melia azedarach in mice]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arq Inst Biol, São Paulo]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>511-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zagal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dantán-Gonzalez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bravo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soberón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Insect Hsp90 Chaperone Assists Bacillus thuringiensis Cry Toxicity by Enhancing Protoxin Binding to the Receptor and by Protecting Protoxin from Gut Protease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Degradation. mBio]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>e02775-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ritchie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rapley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benjamin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis (Bti) Provides Residual Control of Aedes aegypti in Small Containers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Trop Med Hyg]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1053-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sukesi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hendrawati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mulasari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effectivity of bacterial suspension Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis in Killing Aedes aegypti L mosquito larvae]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bangladesh J Med Sci]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>706-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trintchina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vogel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sokurenko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bacterial adhesion to target cells enhanced by shear force]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cell]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>109</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>921-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Gomez de Leon P.Ibarra JE.Bravo A.Garcia-Gutierrez K</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adhesion Capacity of Bacillus thuringiensis Spores and its Relation with Biofilm Formation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[SOJ Microbiol Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tetreau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alessi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veyrenc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perigon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[David]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reynaud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fate of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp israelensis in the field: evidence for spore recycling and differential persistence of toxins in leaf litter]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Appl Environ Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<numero>23</numero>
<issue>23</issue>
<page-range>8362-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duchet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tetreau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Besnard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perrin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Persistence and Recycling of Bioinsecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis subsp israelensis Spores in Contrasting Environments: Evidence from Field Monitoring and Laboratory Experiments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Microb Ecol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>576-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
