<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0375-0760</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Med Trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0375-0760</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0375-07602022000300005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Implementación de un método molecular para la identificación de Mycoplasma pneumoniae resistente a macrólidos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Implementation of a molecular method for the detection of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sardiñas Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ruxana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mondeja Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Brian Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez Cintra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yenys]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Preval]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nadia María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí (IPK)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Cuba  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>74</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0375-07602022000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0375-07602022000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0375-07602022000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción: Mycoplasma pneumoniae es causa frecuente de infecciones respiratorias en niños y jóvenes. Los macrólidos son la primera línea de tratamiento. La rápida emergencia de resistencia a estos antimicrobianos ha motivado el desarrollo de métodos moleculares para su detección en muestras clínicas positivas a este patógeno.  Objetivo: Implementar un método de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real (RT-PCR) para la detección de resistencia a macrólidos a partir de muestras clínicas positivas a M. pneumoniae.  Métodos: Se implementó una RT-PCR para la detección de las mutaciones A2058G y A2059G en el ARNr 23S de M. pneumoniae. Se analizaron 24 muestras clínicas positivas a M. pneumoniae, que provenían de pacientes con síntomas respiratorios. Se evaluó la sensibilidad, especificidad, repetibilidad y reproducibilidad de la RT-PCR.  Resultados: La RT-PCR mostró un 100 % de especificidad para M. pneumoniae y un 92 % de sensibilidad, con un límite de detección de 2 copias/µL, que equivale a 10 copias/reacción. Además, se demostró la reproducibilidad y repetibilidad de estos resultados. Se obtuvo una correcta identificación de los genotipos salvaje y mutante, correspondientes a cada control. De las muestras clínicas positivas a M. pneumoniae, el 77,3 % (17/22) se identificó como sensible a macrólidos y el 22,7 % (5/22) como resistente.  Conclusiones: La alta sensibilidad y especificidad del método de RT-PCR implementado permite que el Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Micoplasmas del Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí cuente con un método eficaz para el diagnóstico de M. pneumoniae resistente a macrólidos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of respiratory track infections in children and young adults. Macrolides are the first-line treatment. The rapid emergence of resistance to these antimicrobials has motivated the development of molecular methods for their detection in clinical samples positive for this pathogen.  Objective: To implement a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method for the detection of macrolide resistance in M. pneumoniae positive clinical samples.  Methods: An RT-PCR was implemented to detect mutations A2058G and A2059G in 23S rRNA of M. pneumoniae. M. pneumoniae positive clinical samples from 24 patients with respiratory symptoms were analyzed. Sensitivity, specificity, repeatability and reproducibility of the RT-PCR assays were evaluated.  Results: The RT-PCR assays showed 100% specificity to M. pneumoniae, and 92% sensitivity with a detection limit of 2 copies/µL, equivalent to 10 copies/reaction. Moreover, the repeatability and reproducibility of these results were demonstrated. Wild and mutant genotypes associated to each control were properly identified. Of the clinical samples positive for M. pneumoniae, 77.3% (17/22) were macrolide-sensitive and 22.7% (5/22) were macrolide-resistant.  Conclusions: The high sensitivity and specificity of the RT-PCR method implemented provides the National Reference Laboratory of Mycoplasmas of the Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí with an effective method for the diagnosis of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[RT-PCR]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ARNr 23S]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[resistencia a macrólidos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[RT-PCR]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[23S rRNA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[macrolide resistance]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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