<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0864-0289</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Hematología, Inmunología y Hemoterapia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0864-0289</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias MédicasEditorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0864-02891999000200004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto y HLA B35]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Primary open-angle glaucoma and HLA B35]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morera Barrios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luz M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorenzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gloria]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Legón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zoila C]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerreiro Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana M]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agüero Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mayra]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital General Docente Enrique Cabrera  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>1999</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>1999</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>105</fpage>
<lpage>109</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0864-02891999000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0864-02891999000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0864-02891999000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se determinó la frecuencia de 29 antígenos HLA de los loci A y B en 20 pacientes con glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto diagnósticados en el Servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital General Docente «Enrique Cabrera». Se utilizaron como controles 276 personas sanas. El antígeno HLA B35 mostró asociación positiva con un riesgo relativo (RR) de 5,3. Se obtuvo una frecuencia estadísticamente significativa con una p corregida (pc) <0,002 para el HLA B35 al compararla con controles normales no relacionados. El resto de los antígenos HLA estudiados no mostraron asociación]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The frequency of 29 HLA antigens of loci A and B was determined in 20 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma diagnosed at the Opthalmology Service of the «Enrique Cabrera» General Teaching Hospital. 276 sound individuals were used as controls. HLA B35 antigen showed a positive connection with a relative risk (RR)of 5,3. It was obtained a statistically significant frequency with a corrected p (cp) <0,002 for HLA B35 on comparing it with unrelated normal controls. No association was observed in the rest of the studied HLA antigens]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[GLAUCOMA DE ANGULO ABIERTO]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ANTIGENO HLA-B35]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[GLAUCOMA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[OPEN-ANGLE]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[HLA-B35 ANTIGEN]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p>Instituto de Hematolog&iacute;a e Inmunolog&iacute;a </p><h2> Glaucoma primario  de &aacute;ngulo abierto y HLA B35</h2><i><a href="#*">Lic. Luz M. Morera Barrios,<sup>1</sup>  Dra. Rosa Ricardo Lorenzo,<sup>2</sup> Dra. Gloria Hern&aacute;ndez,<sup>2 </sup>Dra.  Zoila C. Mart&iacute;nez Leg&oacute;n,<sup>2</sup> Lic. Ana M. Guerreiro Hern&aacute;ndez<sup>1</sup>  y T&eacute;c. Mayra Ag&uuml;ero Mart&iacute;nez<sup>1</sup></a></i> <h4> Resumen</h4>Se  determin&oacute; la frecuencia de 29 ant&iacute;genos HLA de los <i>loci</i> A  y B en 20 pacientes con glaucoma primario de &aacute;ngulo abierto diagn&oacute;sticados  en el Servicio de Oftalmolog&iacute;a del Hospital General Docente &laquo;Enrique  Cabrera&raquo;. Se utilizaron como controles 276 personas sanas. El ant&iacute;geno  HLA B35 mostr&oacute; asociaci&oacute;n positiva con un riesgo relativo (RR) de  5,3. Se obtuvo una frecuencia estad&iacute;sticamente significativa con una p  corregida (pc) &lt;0,002 para el HLA B35 al compararla con controles normales  no relacionados. El resto de los ant&iacute;genos HLA estudiados no mostraron  asociaci&oacute;n.     <p><i>Descriptores DeCS</i>: GLAUCOMA DE ANGULO ABIERTO/inmunolog&iacute;a;  ANTIGENO HLA-B35/an&aacute;lisis.     <p>El glaucoma de &aacute;ngulo abierto en su  variedad primaria o cr&oacute;nico simple es la forma m&aacute;s com&uacute;n  de la enfermedad. Se caracteriza por un comienzo insidioso y progresivo, que durante  el per&iacute;odo inicial suele ser asintom&aacute;tico, por lo que el diagn&oacute;stico  se establece tard&iacute;amente cuando ya se han producido lesiones irreversibles  del disco &oacute;ptico y alteraciones del campo visual.<sup>1,2 </sup>El glaucoma  constituye una de las primeras causas de ceguera al nivel mundial, por lo que  tiene una importancia relevante establecer un diagn&oacute;stico oportuno seg&uacute;n  el comportamiento de cada paciente.<sup>3,4</sup>     <p>Existen factores constitucionales  que influyen en el riesgo de padecer una enfermedad ocular inflamatoria o inmunol&oacute;gica,  uno de ellos es la expresi&oacute;n de los ant&iacute;genos del sistema principal  de histocompatibilidad HLA, lo cual est&aacute; determinado gen&eacute;ticamente  (codificado en el cromosoma 6) y es uno de los factores de identidad individual  que condiciona la respuesta inmune.<sup>5</sup>     <p>M&uacute;ltiples trabajos cient&iacute;ficos  avalan la significaci&oacute;n biol&oacute;gica del sistema HLA en la regulaci&oacute;n  de la respuesta inmune normal y en un gran n&uacute;mero de situaciones cl&iacute;nicas  particulares los alelos espec&iacute;ficos funcionan como marcadores asociados  con en-fermedades y ocupan un lugar especial en la patogenia de &eacute;stos.<sup>3</sup>      <p>Algunos ant&iacute;genos HLA clases 1 y 2 se han relacionado con varios procesos  inflamatorios oculares. Es bien conocida en oftalmolog&iacute;a la asociaci&oacute;n  de la uve&iacute;tis anterior aguda a repetici&oacute;n o cr&oacute;nica con la  HLA B27, la del HLA B7 con la histoplasmosis ocular y la mayor incidencia de neovascularizaci&oacute;n  subretiniana macular, y la del HLA A29 con la coroidopat&iacute;a en perdigona  o Birdshot en el 96 %.<sup>5</sup> La presencia de determinados ant&iacute;genos  HLA puede tener un valor diagn&oacute;stico o pron&oacute;stico.<sup>6 </sup>Sin  embargo, algunos ant&iacute;genos HLA tienen relaci&oacute;n con una enfermedad  en una zona geogr&aacute;fica o poblaci&oacute;n determinada y son de menos valor  en otras. Esto es lo que ocurre en la asociaci&oacute;n de la enfermedad de Behcet  y el ant&iacute;geno HLA B5, que en Estados Unidos la relaci&oacute;n es baja  y en Jap&oacute;n y en el Mediterr&aacute;neo la relaci&oacute;n es m&aacute;s  alta, lo que le confiere distinto significado y valor en un lugar u otro.<sup>7</sup>      <p>En pacientes con s&iacute;ndrome de dispersi&oacute;n pigmentaria se ha observado  un incremento de los ant&iacute;genos HLA B17 y HLA B13 y un incremento del ant&iacute;geno  HLA B12 cuando el glaucoma est&aacute; presen-te.8 Sin embargo, en otro estudio  realizado con pacientes del &aacute;rea del Gran Detroit se observ&oacute; un  incremento del ant&iacute;geno HLA B35.<sup>9</sup>     <p>En este trabajo nos propusimos  buscar las posibles asociaciones entre ant&iacute;genos HLA de los <i>locus</i>  A y B y el glaucoma primario de &aacute;ngulo abierto con fines diagn&oacute;stico  y pron&oacute;stico en nuestra poblaci&oacute;n.     <br>&nbsp; <h4> M&eacute;todos</h4>Se  estudiaron 20 pacientes con glaucoma primario de &aacute;ngulo abierto, 11 de  la raza blanca, 5 de la raza negra y 4 mestizos, con una edad promedio de 49,5  a&ntilde;os diagnosticados en el Servicio de Oftalmolog&iacute;a del Hospital  Docente &laquo;Enrique Cabrera&raquo;. Como grupo control se utiliz&oacute; una  muestra de 276 individuos sanos (63,4 % blancos, 19,6 % negros y 17,0 % mestizos)  procedentes de Ciudad de La Habana, Santiago de Cuba, Camag&uuml;ey y Villa Clara,  estudiados en el Taller Nacional de Histocompatibilidad efectuado en Cuba en febrero  de 1978.<sup>10</sup> Los ant&iacute;genos HLA estudiados se clasificaron de acuerdo  con la nomenclatura actual para factores del sistema HLA, adoptada por el Comit&eacute;  de Nomenclaturas de la Organizaci&oacute;n Mundial de la Salud en 1991.<sup>11</sup>  Tanto en el grupo control como en los pacientes se estudiaron 29 ant&iacute;genos  HLA de los <i>locus</i> A y B (11 del <i>locus</i> A y 18 del <i>locus</i> B).      <p>La obtenci&oacute;n de linfocitos se realiz&oacute; mediante la t&eacute;cnica  de B&ouml;yum modificada.12 Se emple&oacute; la t&eacute;cnica de microlinfototoxicidad  descrita por Terasaki para la tipificaci&oacute;n de los ant&iacute;genos HLA  A, B y C.<sup>13</sup>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Para determinar las frecuencias fenot&iacute;picas y  g&eacute;nicas en el total de pacientes, y en controles normales, nos basamos  en la Ley de Hardy-Weinberg.<sup>14-17</sup> La raza y el sexo no se contemplaron  debido al n&uacute;mero peque&ntilde;o de la muestra. Se compararon los resultados  mediante la utilizaci&oacute;n de la prueba de chi-cuadrado (X2) con la correcci&oacute;n  de Yates.<sup>18</sup> Se consider&oacute; significativa la diferencia cuando  pc&lt;0,002. Para estimar la fortaleza de asociaci&oacute;n de la enfermedad de  los marcadores gen&eacute;ticos HLA se utiliz&oacute; el riesgo relativo (RR)  de Woolf.<sup>18-21</sup>     <br>&nbsp; <h4> Resultados</h4>De los 29 ant&iacute;genos  HLA de los <i>locus</i> A y B estudiados, s&oacute;lo el ant&iacute;geno HLA B35  mostr&oacute; asociaci&oacute;n positiva con el glaucoma primario de &aacute;ngulo  abierto con un RR de 5,3. Se obtuvo una frecuencia estad&iacute;sticamente significativa  con una pc&lt;0,002 al compararlos con controles normales no relacionados (tabla).      <center>     <p>Tabla. <i>Frecuencia fenot&iacute;pica y g&eacute;nica de ant&iacute;genos  HLA I en pacientes con glaucoma primario de &aacute;ngulo abierto y en controles  normales</i></center>    <p>    <br>     <center><table CELLPADDING=5 > <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">&nbsp;</td><td VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN="3" WIDTH="36%">      <center>Controles normales (n=276)</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN="3" WIDTH="37%">      <center>Pacientes (n=20)</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">&nbsp;</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">&nbsp;</td></tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">Ant&iacute;geno&nbsp;</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>Casos</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN="2" WIDTH="24%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>Frecuencia  (%)</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>Casos</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN="2" WIDTH="25%">      <center>Frecuencia (%)</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">&nbsp;</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">&nbsp;</td></tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">HLA-I</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">positivos&nbsp;</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">Fenot&iacute;pica</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">Gen&eacute;tica&nbsp;</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">positivos&nbsp;</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">Fenot&iacute;pica</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">Gen&eacute;tica&nbsp;</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">pc&nbsp;</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">RR</td></tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">A1</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>27</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">      <center>9,8</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>5</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>27</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">     <center>15</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>8</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>1,6</center></td></tr> <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">A2</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>110</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">     <center>39,9</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>22,4</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>8</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <center>40</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>23</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>1</center></td></tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">A3</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>45</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>16,3</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>8,5</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>4</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">     <center>20</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>11</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>1,2</center></td></tr> <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">A9</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>72</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">     <center>26,1</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>14</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>8</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <center>40</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>23</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>1,8</center></td></tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">A10</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>39</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">      <center>14,1</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>7,3</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>4</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">     <center>20</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>11</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>1,5</center></td></tr> <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">A11</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>43</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">     <center>11,6</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>8,1</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>1</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <center>5</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>3</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>2,2</center></td></tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">A25</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>10</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">      <center>3,6</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>1,8</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">     <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>0</center></td></tr> <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">A28</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>30</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>10,9</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>5,6</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>0</center></td></tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">A19</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>101</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">      <center>36,6</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>20,6</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">     <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>0</center></td></tr> <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">A29</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>54</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">     <center>19,6</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>10,3</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>0</center></td></tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">A31</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>19</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">      <center>6,9</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>3,5</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">     <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>0</center></td></tr> <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">Blanco A</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>86</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">     <center>31,2</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>17</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>11</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <center>55</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>33</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>2,7</center></td></tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">B5</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>70</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>25,4</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>13,6</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>3</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">     <center>10</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>5</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>0,5</center></td></tr> <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">B51</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>12</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">     <center>4,3</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>2,2</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>1</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <center>5</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>3</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>1,1</center></td></tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">B52</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>20</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">      <center>7,2</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>3,7</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">     <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>0</center></td></tr> <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">B7</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>45</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">     <center>16,3</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>8,5</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>2</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <center>10</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>5</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>0,5</center></td></tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">B8</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>27</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">      <center>9,8</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>5</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>1</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">     <center>5</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>3</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>0,4</center></td></tr> <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">B12</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>77</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>27,9</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>15,1</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>9</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <center>45</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>23</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>2,1</center></td></tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">B13</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>10</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">      <center>3,6</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>1,8</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">     <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>0</center></td></tr> <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">B14</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>29</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">     <center>10,5</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>5,4</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>2</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <center>10</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>5</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>0,9</center></td></tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">B15</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>25</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">      <center>9,1</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>4,6</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">     <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>0</center></td></tr> <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">B16</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>17</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">     <center>6,2</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>3,6</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>0</center></td></tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">B17</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>29</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>10,7</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>5,4</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>1</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">     <center>5</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>3</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>0,4</center></td></tr> <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">B18</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>27</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">     <center>9,8</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>5</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>0</center></td></tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">B27</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>27</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">      <center>9,8</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>5</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">     <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>0</center></td></tr> <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">B35</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>51</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">     <center>18,5</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>9,7</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>11</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <center>55</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>33</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>0,00003*</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>5,3</center></td></tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">B21</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>18</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">      <center>6,5</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>3,3</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">     <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>0</center></td></tr> <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">B22</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>11</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>1</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>2</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>0</center></td></tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">B40</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>29</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">      <center>10,5</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>5,4</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>1</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">     <center>5</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>3</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>0,4</center></td></tr> <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">B41</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>24</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">     <center>8,7</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>4,4</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">      <center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>0</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>0</center></td></tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="11%">Blanco B</td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>31</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="13%">      <center>11,2</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">     <center>5,8</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>6</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="14%">     <center>30</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="12%">      <center>23</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center>NS</center></td><td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>3</center></td></tr> </table></center>    <center>     <p>* Altamente significativo  (pc&lt;&lt;0,002 para 29 ant&iacute;genos).     <br>pc: p corregida; RR: riesgo relativo;  NS: no significativo.</center><h4> Discusi&oacute;n</h4>El estudio de la asociaci&oacute;n  HLA-glaucoma primario de &aacute;ngulo abierto ha producido resultados variados.  Estudios preliminares realizados por diferentes grupos de investigadores en 2  &aacute;reas geogr&aacute;ficas fueron contradictorios, ya que uno mostr&oacute;  incremento significativo del HLA B35 y un decremento del HLA B12, mientras que  el otro arroj&oacute; un incremento del HLA B12 en pacientes con glaucoma primario  de &aacute;ngulo abierto.<sup>22</sup> Otro grupo de investigadores revel&oacute;  prevalencia del HLA B7 y B12 en pa-cientes blancos con glaucoma primario de &aacute;ngulo  abierto y un decremento del HLA A11 y B35 en pacientes negros.<sup>23-26</sup>      <p>En nuestro trabajo se observ&oacute; una asociaci&oacute;n positiva entre la  enfermedad y el ant&iacute;geno HLA con un RR de 5, y con una frecuencia estad&iacute;sticamente  significativa pc&lt;0,001, lo cual corresponde con lo encontrado por <i>Waltman</i>  y otros en un estudio anterior que mostr&oacute; una frecuencia aumentada del  ant&iacute;geno HLA B35 en pacientes con glaucoma. No se observ&oacute; asociaci&oacute;n  del resto de los ant&iacute;genos HLA A y B de los 29 estudiados con la enfermedad.  Nuestros resultados deben considerarse como preliminares debido al peque&ntilde;o  tama&ntilde;o de la muestra, por lo que ser&iacute;a de gran valor continuar el  estudio y ampliar &eacute;sta.     <p>El hallazgo de esta asociaci&oacute;n enfatiza  la importancia de los genes del sistema HLA en el riesgo de padecer enfermedad  inflamatoria o inmunol&oacute;gica ocular. <h4> Summary</h4>The frequency of 29  HLA antigens of loci A and B was determined in 20 patients with primary open-angle  glaucoma diagnosed at the Opthalmology Service of the &laquo;Enrique Cabrera&raquo;  General Teaching Hospital. 276 sound individuals were used as controls. HLA B35  antigen showed a positive connection with a relative risk (RR)of 5,3. It was obtained  a statistically significant frequency with a corrected p (cp) &lt;0,002 for HLA  B35 on comparing it with unrelated normal controls. No association was observed  in the rest of the studied HLA antigens.     <p><i>Subject headings</i>: GLAUCOMA,  OPEN-ANGLE/inmunology; HLA-B35 ANTIGEN/analysis. <h4> Referencias Bibliogr&aacute;ficas</h4>    <!-- ref --><P>  1. Vaughan D, Taylor T. Oftalmolog&iacute;a general, M&eacute;xico DF: El Manual  Moderno, 1987:186-200.<!-- ref --><P> 2. Buskirk EM Van, Cioffi GA. Glaucomatous optic  neuropathy. Am J Opthalmol 1992;113:447-52.<!-- ref --><P> 3. Allen JH. Manual de enfermedades  de los ojos. 16 ed. La Habana: Editorial Pueblo y Educaci&oacute;n, 1972:282-300.<!-- ref --><P>  4. Sommer A. Intraocular pressure and glaucoma. Am J Ophtalmol 1989;107:186-8.<!-- ref --><P>  5. Feltkmap TE. Ophtalmological significance of HLA associated uveitis. Eye 1990;4:839-44.<!-- ref --><P>  6. Cochereau-Massin I, Wechsler P, Le Hoang P, Le Thi Houng Du, Girard B, Rousselier  F, et al. Prognostic oculaire de la maladie de Behcet. J Fr Opthalmol 1992;158:343-7.<!-- ref --><P>  7. Weiner A, Benezra D. Clinical patterns and associated conditions in chronic  uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1991;112:151-8.<!-- ref --><P> 8. Becker B, Shin DM, Cooper D,  Kaas MA. The pigment dispersion syndrome. Am J Opthalmol 1977;83:161-5.<!-- ref --><P>  9. Shin DH, Sugar HS. HLA in pigment dispersion and glaucoma. Tissue Antigens  1982;19:301-5.<!-- ref --><P> 10. Arce SB. Compatibilidad HLA y raza. Su influencia en  la evoluci&oacute;n cl&iacute;nica del trasplante renal en Cuba. Ciudad de La  Habana: CNICM, MINSAP, 1979:1-20.<!-- ref --><P> 11. Bodmer JG, Marsh SG, Albert ED, Bodmer  WF, Dupunt B, Erlich HA. Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system 1994. Hum  Immunol 1994;41:1-20.<P> 12. B&ouml;yum A. Isolation of mononuclear cells  and ganulocytes from human blood and bone marrow. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl  1968;21(97):31-50.</P>    <!-- ref --><P> 13. Terasaki I. Microdoplet testing for HLA A, B y C  and antigens. J CLin Pathol 1978;31:69-105.<!-- ref --><P> 14. Weinberg W. Uberder machweis  der rerevbung bein menschem. Jahresch Verein J Vateri. Naturck W&uuml;rttem 1908;64:368-82.<!-- ref --><P>  15. Jenkins JB. Gen&eacute;tica de poblaciones. La Habana: Editorial Cient&iacute;fico-T&eacute;cnica,  1982:654-64.<!-- ref --><P> 16. Mathhews JD. Statistical aspects of immnogenetic associations  with disease. En: Simons MJ, Tait BD, eds. Detection of immune-associated genetic  markers of human disease. London: Churchill Nevingstone, 1984:106-36.<!-- ref --><P> 17.  Bancroft H. La prueba de X2. En: Bancroft H, ed. Introducci&oacute;n a la bioestad&iacute;stica.  Buenos Aires: Editorial Universitaria, 1960:172-4.<!-- ref --><P> 18. Woolf B. On estimating  the relation between blood group and disease. Ann Hum Genet 1955;19: 251-3.<!-- ref --><P>  19. Dupey DP. Quantitative aspects of HLA. En: Rose NR, Conway de Macario E, Fahey  JL, Friedman H, Penn GM eds. Manual of clinical laboratory immunology. 4 ed. Washington,  DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1992:867-76.<!-- ref --><P> 20. Svergaard A. HLA  and disease. En: Rose NR, Conway de Macario E, Fahey JL, Freidman H, Penn GM.  eds. Manual of clinical laboratory immunology. 4ed. Washington, DC: American Society  for Microbiology, 1986:912-20.<!-- ref --><P> 21. Thorsby E, Engeset A, Lie SO. HLA-A  antigens and susceptibility to diseases. A study of patients with acute lymphoblastic  leukaemia, Hodgkin's disease and childhood asthma. Tissue Antigens 1971;1: 147-52.<!-- ref --><P>  22. Waltman SR, Palmberg PF, Newton W, Becker B. Glaucoma and HLA-A antigens.  Lancet 1975;1: 927-30.<!-- ref --><P> 23. Aviner Z, Henley WL, Fotino M, Leopold IH. Histocompatibility  (HL-A) antigens and primary open-angle glaucoma. Tissue Antigens 1976;193-200.<!-- ref --><P>  24. Shin DH, Becker B. HLA-A 11 and HLA - BW 35 and resistance to glaucoma in  white patients with ocular hipertension. Arch Ophthalmol 1977;95:423-4.<!-- ref --><P>  25. Shaw JF, Levvene RZ, Sowell, JG. The incidence of HLA antigens in black primary  open- angle glaucoma patients. Am J Ophthalmol 1978;86:501-5.<!-- ref --><P> 26. Shin  DH, Becker B, Waltman SR, Palmerg PF, Bell CE. The prevalence of HLA B12 and HLA  B7 antigens in primary open angle glaucoma. Arch Ophtalmol 1977;95:244-5.Recibido:  1 de octubre de 1998. Aprobado: 11 de enero de 1999.     <p>Lic. <i>Luz M. Morera  Barrios</i>. Instituto de Hematolog&iacute;a e Inmunolog&iacute;a. Apartado 8070,  CP 10800, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. Tel&eacute;fono (537)578268. Fax (537)338979  e-mail: <a href="mailto:ihidir@hemato.sld.cu">ihidir@hemato.sld.cu</a>     <br>&nbsp;      <br>&nbsp; <dir><a NAME="*"></a><sup>1 </sup>Instituto de Hematolog&iacute;a e  Inmunolog&iacute;a.     <br><sup>2 </sup>Hospital General Docente &laquo;Enrique Cabrera&raquo;.  </dir>           ]]></body><back>
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