<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0864-0289</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Hematología, Inmunología y Hemoterapia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0864-0289</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias MédicasEditorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0864-02892022000200001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Aspectos citogenéticos y moleculares en los síndromes mielodisplásicos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Cytogenetic and molecular aspects in myelodysplastic syndromes]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lavaut Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kalia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sheila]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0864-02892022000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0864-02892022000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0864-02892022000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  Los síndromes mielodisplásicos constituyen un grupo heterogéneo de alteraciones de la célula progenitora hematopoyética. Estos se caracterizan por presentar una médula ósea hipercelular, una hematopoyesis inefectiva, displasia y citopenia periférica y la posibilidad de evolución a leucemia mieloide aguda.  Objetivo:  Describir las alteraciones citogenéticas y moleculares más frecuentes de los síndromes mielodisplásicos.  Métodos:  Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en los idiomas inglés y español, a través del sitio web PubMed y el motor de búsqueda Google académico, de artículos publicados en los últimos cinco años. Se realizó análisis y resumen de la bibliografía.  Análisis y síntesis de la información:  En los síndromes mielodisplásicos están presentes alteraciones citogenéticas frecuentes como la deleción de los cromosomas 5q, 7q y 20q, la monosomía del cromosoma 7, la trisomía del cromosoma 8 y la presencia de cariotipos complejos, que, unido a mutaciones somáticas en diferentes genes, intervienen en la patogénesis de la enfermedad y su conocimiento permite la estratificación pronóstica de los pacientes. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico a través de los estudios citogenéticos convencionales, la hibridación in situ por fluorescencia y la secuenciación génica permite una mayor comprensión de la biología de la enfermedad, la estratificación del riesgo y la toma de decisiones terapéuticas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  Myelodysplastic syndromes constitute a heterogeneous group of alterations of the hematopoietic progenitor cell, characterized by hypercellular bone marrow, ineffective hematopoietic, dysplasia and peripheral cytopenia; and the possibility of progressing to acute myeloid leukemia.  Objective: To describe the most frequent cytogenetic and molecular alterations of myelodysplastic syndromes.  Methods: A review of the literature in English and in Spanish was carried out, in the PubMed website and using the search engine Google, for articles published in the last five years. We performed analysis and summary of the reviewed bibliography.  Analysis and synthesis of information:  In myelodysplastic syndromes, frequent cytogenetic alterations are present such as deletion of chromosomes 5q, 7q and 20q, as well as the monosomy of chromosome 7, trisomy of chromosome 8 and the presence of complex karyotypes, which together with somatic mutations in different genes intervene in the pathogenesis of the disease and allow prognostic stratification of patients.  Conclusions:  Diagnosis through conventional cytogenetic studies, fluorescence in situ hybridization and gene sequencing allow a better understanding of the biology of the disease, risk stratification and therapeutic decision making.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[síndrome mielodisplásicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[alteraciones cromosómicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mutaciones somáticas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mutaciones en línea germinal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[myelodysplastic syndrome]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[chromosomal abnormalities]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[somatic mutations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[germline mutations]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ND]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Síndromes mielodisplásicos: una mirada al último Decenio]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Hematol, Inmunol y Hemoter]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hellström]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tobiasson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Myelodysplastic syndromes: moving towards personalized management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Haematologica]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1765-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bannon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DiNardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hereditary Predispositions to Myelodysplastic Syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Mol Sci]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>838</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orazi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasserjian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thiele]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borowitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Le beau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The updated Who classification of hematological malignancies The 2016 revision to the world health organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Blood]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>127</volume>
<numero>20</numero>
<issue>20</issue>
<page-range>2391-405</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Awada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thapa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Visconte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Genomics of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Origins of Disease Evolution, Biological Pathways, and Prognostic Implications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cells]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>9</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andreevna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evgenievich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borisovich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ivanovna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fyodorovich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prognostic Markers of Myelodysplastic Syndromes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicina]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<page-range>376</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasserjian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Myelodysplastic Syndrome Updated]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pathobiol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<page-range>7-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Techniques for detecting chromosomal aberrations in myelodysplastic syndromes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oncotarget]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>37</numero>
<issue>37</issue>
<page-range>62716-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arias-Mira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Síndrome de deleción del 5q]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Hematol Mex]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>56-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mortensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frederiksen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marcher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Preiss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Refractory primary immune thrombocytopenia with subsequent del(5q) MDS complete remission of both after lenalidomide]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ Case Rep]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>2017</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jädersten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saft]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kulasekararaj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pomplun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Göhring]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[TP53 mutations in low-risk myelodysplastic syndromes with del(5q) predict disease progression]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Oncol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>15</numero>
<issue>15</issue>
<page-range>1971_9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zemanova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Michalova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buryova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brezinova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kostylkova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bystricka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Involvement of deleted chromosome 5 in complex chromosomal aberrations in newly diagnosed myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is correlated with extremely adverse prognosis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Leuk Res]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>537_44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schneider]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schenone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kramann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joyce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hartigan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rps14 haploinsufficiency causes a block in erythroid differentiation mediated by S100A8 and S100A9]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Med]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>288_97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuzmanovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanikommu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Awada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kerr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genomics of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hematological]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weinfurtner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alzamora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kogan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burgess]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Functional evidence implicating chromosome 7q22 haploinsufficiency in myelodysplastic syndrome pathogenesis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Elife]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>4</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasegawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oshima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sashida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matsui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koide]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saraya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of combinatorial dysfunctions of Tet2 and Ezh2 on the epigenome in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Leukemia]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>861_71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative disorders of childhood]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>2016</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>598_604</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tuechler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schanz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia- Manero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Revised international prognostic scoring system for myelodysplastic syndromes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Blood]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>120</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>2454_65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cumbo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tota]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zagaria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Specchia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[TP53 in Myelodysplastic Syndromes Recent Biological and Clinical Findings]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Mol Sci]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>21</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abáigar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díez-Campelo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hermosín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chromothripsis Is a Recurrent Genomic Abnormality in High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical significance of cytogenetic and molecular genetic abnormalities in 634 Chinese patients with myelodysplastic syndromes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cancer Med]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1759_71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of mutational variant allele frequency on prognosis in myelodysplastic syndromes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Cancer Res]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>4476-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haferlach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Molecular Pathology of Myelodysplastic Syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pathobiol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>24_9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kwong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Myelodysplastic Syndrome Implications on Targeted Therapy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Mol Sci]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>440</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malcovati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stevenson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papaemmanuil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neuberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bejar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boultwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[SF3B1-mutant myelodysplastic syndrome as a distinct disease subtype - a proposal of the International Working Group for the Prognosis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes (IWG-PM)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Blood]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>136</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>157-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patnaik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lasho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hodnefield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knudson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ketterling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia-Manero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[SF3B1 mutations are prevalent in myelodysplastic syndromes with ring sideroblasts but do not hold independent prognostic value]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Blood]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>119</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>569_72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Visconte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tiu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rogers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes an overview of molecular and non-molecular aspects of the disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Blood Res]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>216-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tebaldi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rejeski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stefani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[SRSF2 mutations drive oncogenesis by activating a global program of aberrant alternative splicing in hematopoietic cells]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Leukemia]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>2659_71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Traina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Visconte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tabarroki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jankowska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasrouni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of molecular mutations on treatment response to DNMT inhibitors in myelodysplasia and related neoplasms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Leukemia]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>78_87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bejar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lord]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stevenson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bar-Natan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perez-Ladaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaneveld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[TET2 mutations predict response to hypomethylating agents in myelodysplastic syndrome patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Blood]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>124</volume>
<numero>17</numero>
<issue>17</issue>
<page-range>2705-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bejar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stevenson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caughey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdel-Wahab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steensma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galili]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Validation of a prognostic model and the impact of mutations in patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Oncol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>27</numero>
<issue>27</issue>
<page-range>3376-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bejar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical and genetic predictors of prognosis in myelodysplastic syndromes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Haematologica]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>99</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>956-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genomic loss of EZH2 leads to epigenetic modifications and overexpression of the HOX gene clusters in myelodysplastic syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oncotarget]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>8119_30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasegawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oshima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sashida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[H]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Matsuai]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[S]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Koide]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[A]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Saraya]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of combinatorial dysfunctions of Tet2 and Ezh2 on the epigenome in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Leukemia]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>861_71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inoue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Imagawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matsui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[RUNX1/AML1 mutant collaborates with BMI1 overexpression in the development of human and murine myelodysplastic syndromes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Blood]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>121</volume>
<numero>17</numero>
<issue>17</issue>
<page-range>3434_46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haase]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stevenson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neuberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maciejewski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nazha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sekeres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[TP53 mutation status divides myelodysplastic syndromes with complex karyotypes into distinct prognostic subgroups]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Leukemia]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1747_58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mei]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[TP53 mutations are associated with very complex karyotype and suggest poor prognosis in newly diagnosed myelodysplastic syndrome patients with monosomal karyotype]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Asia-Pacific J of Clin Oncol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>172-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeinali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mansoori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohammadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regulatory mechanisms of miR-145 expression and the importance of its function in cancer metastasis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biomed Pharmacother]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>109</volume>
<page-range>195-207</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caponetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bagg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes Core abnormalities and CHIPping away at the edges]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Lab Hematol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>67184</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Swoboda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Padron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuykendall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[PTPN11 mutations are associated with poor outcomes across myeloid malignancies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Leukemia]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>286_8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viny]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cohesin mutations in myeloid malignancies made simple]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Opin Hematol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>61_6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Churpek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Familial myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Best Pract Res Clin Haematol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>287-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shimamura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genetic predisposition to hematologic malignancies management and surveillance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Blood]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>130</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>424-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lucy A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Germline mutations in MDS/AML predisposition disorders]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Opinion Hematol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>86-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
