<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0864-0289</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Hematología, Inmunología y Hemoterapia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0864-0289</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias MédicasEditorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0864-02892022000200002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Técnicas de citogenética para el estudio de las leucemias]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Cytogenetic techniques for the study of leukemias]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sheila]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lavaut Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kalia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0864-02892022000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0864-02892022000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0864-02892022000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  La leucemia se define como un proceso clonal de células hematopoyéticas, que se origina cuando las células sanguíneas que se producen en la médula ósea, cambian y se multiplican sin control. Esta se caracteriza por su heterogeneidad genética y se explica a través de mecanismos causados por alteraciones cromosómicas utilizados en la práctica clínica diaria como biomarcadores útiles para el diagnóstico, el pronóstico o la predicción de respuesta al tratamiento.  Objetivo:  Describir las técnicas de citogenética convencional y molecular para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de las leucemias.  Métodos:  Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en inglés y español, a través del sitio web PubMed y el motor de búsqueda Google Académico, de artículos publicados en los últimos cinco años. Se hizo un análisis y resumen de la bibliografía revisada.  Análisis y síntesis de la información:  En el transcurso de los años la citogenética ha proporcionado información crucial para el diagnóstico y el pronóstico de las neoplasias hematológicas. Tanto las técnicas de citogenética convencional y molecular, como la hibridación in situ fluorescente, la hibridación in situ fluorescente multicolor, el cariotipo espectral, la hibridación genómica comparada y los microarreglos, participan en el reconocimiento de alteraciones cromosómicas y de genes, así como de interacciones involucradas en el proceso de oncogénesis.  Conclusiones:  Las técnicas de citogenética contribuyen al diagnóstico, a la estratificación pronóstica y a la aplicación del tratamiento según el tipo o subtipo de leucemia.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  Leukemia is defined as a clonal process of hematopoietic cells, which occurs when blood cells that are produced in the bone marrow change and multiply uncontrollably. This is characterized by its genetic heterogeneity and is explained through mechanisms caused by chromosomal alterations that are used in daily clinical practice as useful biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis or prediction of response to treatment.  Objective:  To describe the conventional and molecular cytogenetic techniques used for the diagnosis and monitoring of leukemias.  Methods:  A review of the literature in English and in Spanish was carried out, in the PubMed website and using the search engine Google, for articles published in the last five years. We performed analysis and summary of the reviewed bibliography.  Analysis and synthesis of information:  Cytogenetics over the years has provided crucial information for the diagnosis and prognosis of hematologic malignancies. Both conventional and molecular cytogenetic techniques such as fluorescent in situ hybridization, multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization, spectral karyotype, comparative genomic hybridization and microarrays, participate in the recognition of chromosomal and gene alterations, as well as interactions involved in the oncogenesis process.  Conclusions:  These cytogenetic techniques contribute to the diagnosis, prognostic stratification and application of treatment according to the type or subtype of leukemia.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[leucemias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[alteraciones cromosómicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cariotipo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[técnicas de citogenética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[leukemias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[chromosomal alterations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[karyotype]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cytogenetic techniques]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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