<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0864-0300</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Investigaciones Biomédicas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Invest Bioméd]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0864-0300</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ECIMED]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0864-03002019000300011</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Introduction to cuban space physiology meeting and gravity of exercise for a mission to Mars]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Introducción a la reunión cubana de fisiología espacial y gravedad del ejercicio para una misión a Marte]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hargens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alan R]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lonnie G]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of California, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Diego ]]></addr-line>
<country>Estados Unidos</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0864-03002019000300011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0864-03002019000300011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0864-03002019000300011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT In order to develop effective countermeasures to maintain the health and well-being of crew members during prolonged spaceflight, such as a mission to Mars, an integrated physiologic view is necessary. Future spacecraft to deep space will be constrained by limited volume, food, water, shelter and other resources. Thus, it&#8217;s important to understand the highest risks and to direct research into these areas. This review paper examines important risks during a 2-3 year mission to Mars with a view to provide devices and methods to integrate across many physiologic systems in an attempt to reproduce activities of daily living on Earth. Because effective hardware for artificial gravity by centrifugation may be decades away, we propose use of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) as means to simulate multiple beneficial effects of gravitational stress including blood and fluid shifts towards the feet and mechanical loading of the body. LBNP-devices are reconfigurable as wearable suits to reduce mass or combined with exercise devices to increase efficacy of exercise in weightlessness.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Para desarrollar contramedidas efectivas para mantener la salud y el bienestar de los miembros de la tripulación durante un vuelo espacial prolongado, como una misión a Marte, es necesaria una visión fisiológica integrada. Las naves espaciales futuras al espacio profundo estarán limitadas por un volumen limitado, alimentos, agua, refugio y otros recursos. Por lo tanto, es importante comprender los riesgos más altos y dirigir la investigación en estas áreas. Este documento de revisión examina riesgos importantes durante una misión de 2-3 años a Marte con el fin de proporcionar dispositivos y métodos para integrarse en muchos sistemas fisiológicos en un intento de reproducir las actividades de la vida diaria en la Tierra. Debido a que el hardware efectivo para la gravedad artificial por centrifugación puede estar a décadas de distancia, proponemos el uso de la presión negativa de la parte inferior del cuerpo (LBNP) como un medio para simular múltiples efectos beneficiosos del estrés gravitacional, incluidos los cambios de sangre y fluidos hacia los pies y la carga mecánica del cuerpo. Los dispositivos LBNP son reconfigurables como trajes portátiles para reducir la masa o combinados con dispositivos de ejercicio para aumentar la eficacia del ejercicio en la ingravidez.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[human spaceflight risks]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[human spaceflight research priorities]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[exercise]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cardiovascular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[musculoskeletal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lower body negative pressure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[LBNP]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[riesgos de vuelos espaciales humanos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[prioridades de investigación en vuelos espaciales humanos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ejercicio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cardiovascular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[musculoesquelético]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[presión negativa de la parte inferior del cuerpo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[LBNP]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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