<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0864-0394</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Pastos y Forrajes]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Pastos y Forrajes]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0864-0394</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Estación Experimental de Pastos y Forrajes Indio Hatuey]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0864-03942021000100021</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Aplicación de herramientas moleculares para el mejoramiento genético de pasturas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Application of molecular tools for pasture breeding]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrodeguas-Gonzalez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ayerin]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zúñiga-Orozco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Investigaciones Hortícolas Liliana Dimitrova  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mayabeque ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Estatal a Distancia Escuela de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Carrera de Ingeniería Agronómica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Pedro, San José ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>44</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0864-03942021000100021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0864-03942021000100021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0864-03942021000100021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Objetivo :  Fundamentar la importancia de la aplicación de herramientas moleculares en los programas de mejoramiento genético de pasturas.  Materiales y Métodos :  Se consultaron y analizaron 59 artículos, que abordan los métodos basados en biología molecular (marcadores genéticos, tecnología CRISPR y citogenética molecular), disponibles en bases de datos (Google académico, Dialnet, Redalyc, SciELO, REDIB, DOAJ y Latindex), con el propósito de obtener información acerca de su aplicación en la mejora genética de pastos.  Resultados :  Se recopiló información acerca de los principales marcadores moleculares (microsatélites, ADN polimórfico amplificado aleatoriamente, polimorfismo de un solo nucleótido, polimorfismo de longitud de fragmento amplificado), utilizados para analizar la diversidad genética en pastos. Se investigó cuáles resultan más efectivos y versátiles. Se constató que el fenómeno de la apomixis se puede utilizar para mantener el vigor híbrido en líneas de pastos y que los marcadores moleculares contribuyen a identificar plantas apomícticas en edades tempranas. Se fundamentó que la tecnología CRISPR (repeticiones palindrómicas cortas agrupadas y regularmente espaciadas) se puede aplicar en especies de pasturas para mejorar atributos agronómicos.  Conclusiones :  Los marcadores moleculares, especialmente SNPs, son ideales para estudios de diversidad genética en pastos y para la identificación de plantas apomícticas a edades tempranas. La tecnología de edición genómica CRISPR constituye una herramienta versátil y aplicable en pastos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Objective:  To ratify the importance of the application of molecular tools in the pasture breeding programs.  Materials and Methods:  Fifty-nine papers were consulted and reviewed, which approach the methods based on molecular (genetic markers, CRISPR technology and molecular cytogenetics), available in databases (Google Scholar, Dialnet, Redalyc, SciELO, REDIB, DOAJ and Latindex), in order to obtain information about their application in pasture breeding.  Results :  Information was compiled about the main molecular markers (microsatellites, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, single-nucleotide polymorphism, amplified fragment length polymorphism), utilized to analyze the genetic diversity in pastures. Which ones are more effective and versatile was researched. It was noted that the phenomenon of apomixis can be utilized to maintain the hybrid vigor in pasture lines and that molecular marks contributed to identify apomictic plants at early ages. It was validated that the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) technology can be applied in pasture species to improve agronomic attributes.  Conclusions:  Molecular markers, especially SNPs, are ideal for genetic diversity studies in pastures and for the identification of apomictic plants at early ages. The CRISPR technology of genomic edition constitutes a versatile tool applicable in pastures.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[marcadores moleculares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[apomixis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[CRISPR]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diversidad genética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[edición genómica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[molecular markers]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[apomixes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[CRISPR]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[genetic diversity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[genomic edition]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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