<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0864-2125</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Medicina General Integral]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Med Gen Integr]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0864-2125</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ECIMED]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0864-21252022000100014</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Changing Escherichia coli susceptibility and increasing antimicrobial resistance in community urinary tract infections]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Cambio en la susceptibilidad de Escherichia coli y aumento de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos en infecciones del tracto urinario comunitario]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandes da Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[André Luiz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Severino Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Milca]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adenícia Custódia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardoso Marinho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Larissa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira Vieira Barreto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nilo Manoel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues do Carmo Filho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Goiânia (GO)]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0864-21252022000100014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0864-21252022000100014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0864-21252022000100014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  Las infecciones del tracto urinario causadas por bacterias gramnegativas resistentes a los antibióticos son una preocupación creciente debido a las limitadas opciones terapéuticas.  Objetivo:  Analizar la tendencia de resistencia a los antibióticos en Escherichia coli resistente a la ciprofloxacina aislada de la infección del tracto urinario adquirida en la comunidad.  Métodos:  Estudio de series de tiempo que analiza registros de urocultivos positivos para E. coli resistente a ciprofloxacina en personas de &#8805;18 años de 2011 a 2017. Las tendencias en los patrones de resistencia a los antibióticos se obtuvieron mediante la regresión lineal generalizada de Prais-Winsten. El cambio porcentual anual (APC) y el intervalo de confianza del 95 % (IC 95 %) se calcularon a partir del coeficiente de análisis de regresión &#946;1 y el error estándar (SE). Los valores de p &lt; 0,05 se consideraron estadísticamente significativos.  Resultados:  De los datos analizados, 3363 (26,1%) fueron positivos para E. coli resistente a la ciprofloxacina. El aumento de E. coli resistente a la ciprofloxacina fue del 45,3 %. Las mujeres sufrieron más infección por E. coli sensible a la ciprofloxacina (75,5 %), pero los hombres tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de infectarse con E. coli resistente a la ciprofloxacina [2,132 (1,891-2,402)]. El aumento de la resistencia fue mayor para la nitrofurantoína (&lt;0,001) y la ceftriaxona (&lt;0,001). La prevalencia de resistencia fue alta para nitrofurantoína, norfloxacina, ácido nalidíxico, amoxicilina/clavulanato, ceftriaxona y tobramicina. A excepción de la gentamicina, que presentó una tendencia a la baja en la resistencia, los otros antimicrobianos analizados no mostraron tendencias en la resistencia a los antibióticos.  Conclusiones:  Hubo un aumento promedio en la resistencia a los principales antibióticos utilizados para tratar la infecciones del tracto urinario adquirida en la comunidad. Entre los antibióticos probados, solo la gentamicina mostró una tendencia a la baja en la resistencia. Estos resultados son importantes para dirigir la elección de los antimicrobianos para el tratamiento empírico de la infección urinaria adquirida en la comunidad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  Urinary tract infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria are a growing concern due to limited therapeutic options.  Objective:  To analyze the antibiotic resistance trend in ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from community-acquired urinary tract infection.  Methods: Time series study analyzing records of urine cultures positive for ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli in persons aged &#8805;18 years from 2011 to 2017. The trends in antibiotic resistance patterns were obtained using the Prais-Winsten generalized linear regression. Annual percent change (APC) and 95% confidence interval (CI 95%) were calculated from the regression analysis coefficient &#946;1 and standard error (SE). Values of p&lt;0.05 were considered statistically significant.  Results: From the analyzed data, 3 363 (26.1%) were positive for ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli. The increase in ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli was 45.3%. Females suffered more infection by ciprofloxacin-sensitive E. coli (75.5%), but males had a higher chance of being infected with ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli. [2.132 (1.891- 2.402)]. Increase in resistance was highest for nitrofurantoin (&lt;0.001) and ceftriaxone (&lt;0.001). Prevalence of resistance was high for nitrofurantoin, norfloxacin, nalidixic acid, amoxicillin/clavulanate, ceftriaxone, and tobramycin. Except for gentamicin, which presented a downward trend in resistance, the other antimicrobials analyzed displayed no trends in antibiotic resistance.  Conclusions:  There was an average increase in resistance to the main antibiotics used to treat community-acquired UTI. Among the antibiotics tested, only gentamicin displayed a downward trend in resistance. These results are important to direct the choice of antimicrobials for the empirical treatment of community-acquired UTI.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Urinary tract infection]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[community-acquired infection]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Anti-Bacterial Agents]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Escherichia coli]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[infecciones urinarias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[infecciones comunitarias adquiridas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antibacterianos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Escherichia coli]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linhares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Frequency and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Implicated in Community Urinary Tract Infections in North Aveiro Between 2011 and 2014]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Microb Drug Resist]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>493-504</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veronica]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Angela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stephana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andreas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benedikt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antimicrobial resistance trends in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis urinary isolates from Switzerland: retrospective analysis of data from a national surveillance network over an 8-year period (2009-2016)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Swiss Med Wkly]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>149</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grados]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thuissard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alós]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JI]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stratification by demographic and clinical data of the antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli from urinary tract infections of the community]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aten Primaria]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>494-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zowawi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robertis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tambyah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schembrim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pezzani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The emerging threat of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in urology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Rev Urol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>570-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terahara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nishiura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fluoroquinolone consumption and Escherichia coli resistance in Japan: an ecological study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Public Health]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>426</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fasugba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gardner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitchell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mnatzaganian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ciprofloxacin resistance in community- and hospital-acquired Escherichia coli urinary tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Instituo Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. População estimada 2019. Dados população de Goiânia]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roriz Filho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mota]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Psi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PCB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Infecção do trato urinário]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicina (Ribeirão Preto)]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>118-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Performance Standards for Antimicrobial]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>0-240</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antunes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JLF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MRA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Uso da análise de séries temporais em estudos epidemiológicos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Epidemiol Serv Saúde]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>564-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foxman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The epidemiology of urinary tract infection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Rev Urol]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>653-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tandan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cormican]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murphy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vellinga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reconsultation and Antimicrobial Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection in Male and Female Patients in General Practice]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Antibiotics]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[John]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mboto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agbo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A review on the prevalence and predisposing factors responsible for urinary tract infection among adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Euro J Exp Bio]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>7-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sevesta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cooper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lower Urinary Tract Infections in the Elderly]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Bladder Dysfunct Rep]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>370-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Courtenay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men&#8217;s well-being: a theory of gender and health]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Soc Sci Med]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1385-401</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ingersoll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sex differences shape the response to infectious diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS Pathog]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baird]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karlowsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Master]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nitrofurantoin retains antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant urinary Escherichia coli from US outpatients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Antimicrob Chemother]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<page-range>3259-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hooton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wullt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colgan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women: a 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>e103-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tasbakan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pullukçu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sipah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamazhan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ulusoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pooled analysis of the resistance patterns of Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine cultures in Turkey: a comparison of the periods 1997-2001 and 2002-2007]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Turk J Med Sci]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>557-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stefaniuk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suchocka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bosacka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hryniewicz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Etiology and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial pathogens responsible for community-acquired urinary tract infections in Poland]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>1363-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ikram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hussain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Imtiaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nalidixic acid as a Predictor of Ciprofloxacin Susceptibility in Typhoid fever]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J of Islamab Med &amp; Dent Coll (JIMDC)]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>118-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Botto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazzei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Surveillance study in Europe and Brazil on clinical aspects and Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology in Females with Cystitis (ARESC): implications for empiric therapy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Urol]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<page-range>1164-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kahlmeter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poulsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HO]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli from community-acquired urinary tract infections in Europe: the ECO·SENS study revisited]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Antimicrob Agents]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>45-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bours]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PHA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoepelman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AIM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jarquin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matute]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Increasing resistance in community-acquired urinary tract infections in Latin America, five years after the implementation of national therapeutic guidelines]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>e770-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KYL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stewardson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Individual and community predictors of urinary ceftriaxone-resistant Escherichia coli isolates, Victoria, Australia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Antimicrob Resistand Infect Cont]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mukherjee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incidence and risk of co-transmission of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance and extended spectrum-lactamase genes in fluoroquinolone resistant uropathogenic E. coli: a first study from Kolkata, India]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Glob Antimicrob Resist]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>217-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akhi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghotaslou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asgharzadeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pirzadeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asghari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[YousefMemar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of aminoglycosides resistance genes among beta lactamase producing Eschrichia coli]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IIOABJ]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>^s4</numero>
<issue>^s4</issue>
<supplement>4</supplement>
<page-range>28-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Resolucão da Diretoria Colegiada - RDC Nu 44, de 26 de Outubro de 2010. 26/10/10]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santa-Ana-Tellez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mantel-Teeuwisse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dreser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leufkens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HGM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wirtz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of Over-the-Counter Restrictions on Antibiotic Consumption in Brazil and Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS ONE]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
