<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0864-2141</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Educación Médica Superior]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Educ Med Super]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0864-2141</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias MédicasEditorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0864-21412019000200019</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Revisión sistemática de juegos serios para la educación médica. Rol del diseño en la efectividad]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A Systematic Review about Serious Games for Medical Education. The Role of Effective Design]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agudelo-Londoño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pomares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alexandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgadillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vivian]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Óscar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ariel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gorbanev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Iouri]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Javeriana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0864-21412019000200019&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0864-21412019000200019&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0864-21412019000200019&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  La literatura pedagógica propone los juegos serios (serious games) como herramientas efectivas para el aprendizaje; sin embargo, los estudia como si fueran productos homogéneos que se diferencian solo por la temática. Así, sus diseños no se discuten y se dejan a la discreción de cada profesor-creador.  Objetivo:  Establecer la relación entre la efectividad en los resultados de aprendizaje y los criterios de diseño de los juegos para la educación médica.  Métodos:  Revisión sistemática de la literatura de juegos médicos, publicados entre 2011 y 2015 en inglés, español y portugués, siguiendo pautas de la Colaboración Cochrane. Sobre la base de la literatura, se construyó un sistema con 15 criterios de diseños para evaluar los juegos y se estableció una comparación con la efectividad reportada.  Resultados:  En los 26 artículos finales revisados los resultados de aprendizaje fueron positivos, en general, y los criterios de diseño de los juegos sí afectaron la efectividad en los resultados de aprendizaje. El grado de estos efectos y el nivel de evidencia científica variaron según los criterios de diseño.  Conclusiones:  La relación encontrada entre el diseño del juego y la efectividad en el aprendizaje debe conducir a desarrollos de juegos serios que potencien las propuestas ludificadas con un uso consciente de los criterios técnicos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  The pedagogical literature proposes serious games as effective tools for learning; however, it studies them as if they were homogeneous products that differ only by theme. Thus, their designs are not discussed and are left to the consideration of each teacher-creator.  Objective:  To establish the relationship between effectiveness in learning outcomes and the criteria for the design of games for medical education.  Methods:  Systematic review of the literature about medical games and published between 2011 and 2015, in English, Spanish and Portuguese, following the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. Based on the literature, a system was constructed with 15 design criteria for assessing the games, and a comparison was established with the reported effectiveness.  Results:  In the 26 final articles that were reviewed, the learning outcomes were generally positive, and the game design criteria did affect the effectiveness of the learning outcomes. The degree of these effects and the level of scientific evidence varied according to the design criteria.  Conclusions:  The relationship found between game design and learning effectiveness should lead to developments of serious game that enhance the proposals made with a conscious usage of technical criteria.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[juegos de video]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[educación médica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diseño de programas informáticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[práctica clínica basada en la evidencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[video games]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[medical education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[computer programs design]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[evidence-based clinical practice]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frehywot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vovides]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Talib]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mikhail]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ross]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wohltjen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[E-learning in medical education in resource constrained low-and middle-income countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hum Resour Health]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kapralos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fisher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clarkson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oostveen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A course on serious game design and development using an online problem-based learning approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Interactive Technology and Smart Education]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>116-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergeron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Developing Serious Games]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hingham, Mass.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cengage Learning Publication]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klemke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Specht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Design patterns for learning games]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Technol Enhanc Learn]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>555-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bedwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pavlas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heyne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lazzara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Toward a taxonomy linking game attributes to learning An empirical study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Simul Gaming]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>729-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thampy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ashman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gleaves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thampy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The role of mobile technology in clinical learning]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educ Prim Care]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>50-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Starks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cognitive behavioral game design a unified model for designing serious games]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Psychol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>28</numero>
<issue>28</issue>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DeMaria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A systematic review of serious games in training Health care professionals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Simul Healthc]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>41-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dicheva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dichev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Angelova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gamification in education A systematic mapping study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Educ Techno Soc]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>75-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beckman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wright]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An assessment of the methodologic quality of medical education research studies published in The American Journal of Surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Surg]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>198</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>442-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beckman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wright]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kern]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predictive validity evidence for medical education research study quality instrument scores quality of submissions to JGIM&amp;apos;s Medical Education Special Issue]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Gen Intern Med]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>903-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sullivan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Deconstructing Quality in Education Research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Grad Med Educ]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>121</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirkpatrick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirkpatrick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Implementing the four levels: a practical guide for effective evaluation of training program]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Francisco ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Berrett-Koehler]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graafland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schraagen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schijven]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systematic review of serious games for medical education and surgical skills training]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BJS]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>99</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1322-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cendan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enhancing learning through optimal sequencing of web-based and manikin simulators to teach shock physiology in the medical curriculum]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Adv Physiol Educ]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>402-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kreiter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haugen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leaven]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goerdt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenthal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McGaghie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A report on the piloting of a novel computer-based medical case simulation for teaching and formative assessment of diagnostic laboratory testing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Educ Online]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Creutzfeldt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hedman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heinrichs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fellander-Tsai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exploring Virtual Worlds for Scenario-Based Repeated Team Training of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Medical Students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Med Internet Res]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stirling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Birt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An enriched multimedia eBook application to facilitate learning of anatomy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anat. Sci. Educ]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>19-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[A]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Branch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Desai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Virtual reality spine surgery simulation: an empirical study of its usefulness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurol Res]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>968-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Creutzfeldt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hedman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fellander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of pre-training using serious game technology on CPR performance - an exploratory quasi-experimental transfer study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>79</numero>
<issue>79</issue>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silvennoinen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Helfenstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruoranen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saariluoma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Learning basic surgical skills through simulator training]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Instr Sci]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>769-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmeling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kellinghaus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schulz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pfeiffer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Becker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schäfer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A web-based e-learning programme for training external post-mortem examination in curricular medical education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Legal Med]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>125</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>857-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albrecht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[UV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Häussermann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matthies]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Von Jan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mobile augmented reality apps for teaching ethically sensitive topics in medicine]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>247-52</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berlin ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IADIS International Conference Mobile Learning]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Swarz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ousley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rienzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burns]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindsey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[CancerSpace A simulation-based game for improving cancer-screening rates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Comput Graph Appl]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>90-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McGrath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bahner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khandelwal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Way]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Virtual alternative to the oral examination for emergency medicine residents]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[West J Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>336-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holloway]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sobotka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Operator experience determines performance in a simulated computer-based brain tumor resection task]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1853-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Straus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brydges]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The ABCs of DKA Development and Validation of a Computer-Based Simulator and Scoring System]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Gen Intern Med]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1319-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno-Ger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torrente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bustamante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Galaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Manjón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Comas-Rengifo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Application of a low-cost web-based simulation to improve students&amp;apos; practical skills in medical education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Med Inform]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>459-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knight]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tregunna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jarvis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smithies]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Freitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Simulation and education Serious gaming technology in major incident triage training: A pragmatic controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Resuscitation]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1175-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kanthan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Senger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of specially designed digital games-based learning in undergraduate pathology and medical education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Pathol Lab Med]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>135</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>135-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rondon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sassi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Computer game-based and traditional learning method a comparison regarding students&amp;apos; knowledge retention]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Med Educ]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>30</numero>
<issue>30</issue>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Integration of Mobile Technology in Educational Materials Improves Participation Creation of a Novel Smartphone Application for Resident Education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Surg Educ]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>670-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nevin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Westfall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dempsey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cherrington]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gamification as a tool for enhancing graduate medical education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Postgrad Med J]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>90</volume>
<numero>1070</numero>
<issue>1070</issue>
<page-range>685-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lameris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoenderop]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bindels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eijsvogels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of formative testing on study behavior and study performance of (bio)medical students A smartphone application intervention study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Med Educ]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Rola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zapirain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mobile NBM - Android medical mobile application designed to help in learning how to identify the different regions of interest in the brain&amp;apos;s white matter]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Med Educ]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Longmuir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interactive computer-assisted instruction in acid-base physiology for mobile computer platforms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Physiol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>34-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boeder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mediman-The smartphone as a learning platform Med]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ausbild]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schlegel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Selfridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fun, collaboration and formative assessment Skinquizition, a class wide gaming competition in a medical school with a large class]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Teach]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>447-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oladosu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adigun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emuoyibofarhe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A mobile virtual patient for medical learning]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PACT]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>74-9</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lusaka ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IEEE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boeker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frankenschmidt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Game-based e-learning is more effective than a conventional instructional method A randomized controlled trial with third-year medical students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLOS ONE]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gorbanev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agudelo-Londoño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pomares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgadillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A systematic review of serious games in medical education: quality of evidence and pedagogical strategy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Educ online]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>23</numero>
<issue>23</issue>
<page-range>1438718</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
