<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0864-215X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Ortopedia y Traumatología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Ortop Traumatol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0864-215X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0864-215X2021000100015</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Evolución histórica de la osteosíntesis de huesos largos I: Fijación con placa y tornillos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Historical Evolution of Long Bone Osteosynthesis I: Fixation with Plate and Screws]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ceballos Mesa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfredo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tabares Neyra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Horacio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balmaseda Manent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez Benito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Octavio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivero Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana Facultad de Ciencias Médicas &#8220;Calixto García&#8221; ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0864-215X2021000100015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0864-215X2021000100015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0864-215X2021000100015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  El hombre ha actuado sobre las fracturas óseas de los miembros desde tiempos ancestrales, confirmando a la inmovilización (reducción-estabilidad) como la forma básica de tratar la afección, que se le presenta con la tríada: trauma, dolor e impotencia funcional.  Objetivo:  El objetivo de este trabajo fue organizar la presentación de los cambios que ocurrían con las innovaciones tecnológicas que se incorporaban en el tratamiento de las fracturas.  Métodos: Se presenta una revisión de artículos sobre fracturas publicados en revistas indizadas por el CITMA, libros de autores reconocidos, notas personales de eventos y actividades quirúrgicas, con el fin de analizar las variables seleccionadas y sus vínculos históricos con las distintas etapas que marcaron las nuevas concepciones y modificaciones, surgidas en la aplicación de este tipo de osteosíntesis, lo que nominamos Generaciones. Las variables seleccionadas para el análisis fueron: la reducción de la fractura, la vía de acceso para la colocación de la placa, el procedimiento quirúrgico, los nuevos diseños de implantes, el instrumental, la metalurgia de los implantes y la consolidación curativa. Elementos constitutivos del procedimiento quirúrgico de la osteosíntesis. Relacionando los resultados obtenidos y las fechas de su puesta en práctica, con momentos históricos y la inclusión de Innovaciones Tecnológicas de relevancia, llegamos a reconocer tres etapas o &#8220;Generaciones&#8221; donde la influencia de las mismas, explican los adelantos en las concepciones actuales de este proceder. Primera Generación: Clásica, a principios del siglo XX. Segunda Generación: de Compresión, Post Segunda Guerra Mundial. Tercera Generación: Actual, Funcional, y Biológica.  Conclusiones: Relacionando los resultados obtenidos y las fechas de su puesta en práctica, con momentos históricos e inclusión de innovaciones tecnológicas de relevancia, llegamos a reconocer tres etapas o &#8220;Generaciones&#8221; donde su influencia explica los adelantos en las concepciones actuales de este proceder. Primera Generación o Clásica: a principios del siglo XX. Segunda Generación: de Compresión, Post Segunda Guerra Mundial. Tercera Generación: Actual, Funcional y Biológica.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction: Man has acted on bone fractures of the limbs since ancient times, confirming immobilization (reduction-stability) as the basic way of treating the condition, which is presented with the triad of trauma, pain and functional impotence.  Objective: The objective of this paper was to organize the presentation of the changes occurred with technological innovations, integrated in the treatment of fractures.  Methods: A literature review on fractures is presented here. Articles published in journals indexed by CITMA, books by well-known authors, personal notes of events and surgical activities were reviewed, in order to analyze the selected variables and their historical links with the different stages that marked the new conceptions and modifications, arisen in the use of this type of osteosynthesis we call generations. Variables selected for analysis were fracture reduction, access route for plate placement, surgical procedure, new implant designs, instrumentation, implant metallurgy, and healing consolidation. Constitutive elements of the osteosynthesis surgical procedure: By relating the results obtained and the dates of their implementation, with historical moments and the inclusion of relevant technological innovations, we come to recognize three stages or "generations" and their influence explains the advances in the current conceptions of this approach. First generation: classic, early 20th century. Second generation: compression, post-World War II. Third generation: current, functional, and biological.  Conclusions: By relating the results obtained and the dates of their implementation, with historical moments and the inclusion of relevant technological innovations, we come to recognize three stages or "generations" whose influence explains the advances in the current conceptions of this procedure. First generation or classic: at the beginning of the 20th century. Second generation: compression, post-World War II. Third generation: current, functional and biological.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[osteosíntesis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[placas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tornillos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[metalurgia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[consolidación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Osteosynthesis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[plates]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[screws]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[metallurgy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[consolidation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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